Developing Plans Chapter 3 Outline Developing Preliminary Plans

Developing Plans Chapter 3

Outline Developing Preliminary Plans Developing Intermediate Plans Developing Detailed Plans Developing A Risk Management Plan Organizing The Project Plan Maintaining The Project Plan Developing A Staffing Plan King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Developing Preliminary Plans On each pass through the plan, you will: ◦ add missing material, ◦ revise existing material, ◦ identify and resolve internal inconsistencies, and ◦ identify and prioritize remaining planning activities. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Preliminary Planning the parts of the plan covering the next three to six months will include more detail than the parts covering months twelve through eighteen. Once feasibility analysis has been established, project initiation and preliminary planning can be undertaken. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Feasibility Analysis Objective: ◦ to ensure that none of the expectations associated with the project is far beyond historical precedence. when you start project planning: ◦ the inputs are the high-level requirements for the software system, ◦ the outputs are the estimates of how long it will take and how much it will cost King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Assessing Expectations Maximums Limitations Needs King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Maximums maximum cost, maximum overall calendar duration, maximum personnel resources available, maximum computational resources available, King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Limitations limitations on training, limitations on salary levels, limitations on ability to hire external personnel, limitations on ability to select internal personnel, limitations on modern tool acquisition or usage King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Needs need for technology breakthrough, need for research breakthrough, need for early proof of project success. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Project Initiation consists of the set of one-time activities you need to perform to begin more detailed project planning activities. ◦ may include formally approving the project planning budget or assigning support resources to assist you with the planning activities The primary purpose of project initiation is to serve as an initial gate that helps ensure that: ◦ those sponsoring or funding the project have approved the initial release of funds and the accrual of expenditures, Kingand Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Preliminary Planning consists of: ◦ determining the structure and organization of the project plan, ◦ then documenting within the plan: any currently known project goals, requirements, constraints, milestone dates, resource needs, risks, any other planning-related information King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Plan Areas your plan will have sections covering most or all of the following areas: ◦ Purpose and scope of the project ◦ Goals and objectives of the project ◦ Listing of all acronyms used in the project plan, and an explanation of those acronyms ◦ Listing of all supporting documentation or published works referenced in the plan, and a brief description of their content ◦ Summary description of the product’s customer characteristics and needs King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Plan Areas (Cont. ) ◦ External or internal standards with which the project must comply ◦ Description of the lifecycle or lifecycles selected for the project and a rationale for the selection ◦ Any documented procedures, methods, and techniques for managing, developing, maintaining, or supporting the software, the software project, or project-related artifacts. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Processes Descriptions ◦ Documenting may include descriptions of the processes for: software size estimating software effort estimating software planning project tracking and oversight configuration management quality assurance subcontract solicitation management subcontract acquisition management requirements management software design software development King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Processes Descriptions (Cont. ) software inspection software integration testing system deployment problem or change request tracking and management status reporting technical documentation development user documentation development training material development. Tools that will be used to support these procedures, methods, and techniques, and the rationale for their selection and use Detailed listing and supporting descriptions of all software and related products to be developed King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Processes Descriptions (Cont. ) Size and complexity estimates for all software and related products Work breakdown structure Resource breakdown structure Estimates of the project resource requirements Estimates of the project costs Estimated use of critical computer resources, including those in the development environment in-house test environment field test environment customer environment. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Processes Descriptions (Cont. ) Project schedule, including major milestones and reviews, resource requirements, and critical path analysis Identification, evaluation, and management of the project’s risks Documentation of the project’s software engineering facilities and any additional support tools. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Preliminary Plan (Conclusion) As a general rule, you should choose for making certain sections quite brief, rather than eliminating them altogether. During preliminary planning, you should generally lay out the entire plan, even though most of it will be blank. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Developing Intermediate Plans Documenting your initial version of the: ◦ Project Organization ◦ Project Staffing ◦ Environment and Tools Estimation ◦ Work & Resource Breakdown Structures ◦ Any other information that will help you construct the eventual detailed plan King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Developing Intermediate Plans (Cont. ) This plan at this stage needs to be highly flexible Don’t try to get things perfect It represents a draft version of the plan at a given moment in time King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Project Organization You have a variety of choices for organizing your project Projects are formed to support 1 of 4 overall business paradigms of organization: ◦ Product-Oriented ◦ Market-oriented ◦ Function-Oriented ◦ Matrix-Oriented King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Product-Oriented The same team performs the majority of the activities necessary to develop and deliver the product Different people on the team have different specialty areas On smaller teams, its helpful to have people who demonstrate a varity of skills King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Market-oriented / Customer-oriented highly responsive to nontechnical objectives, constraints, and considerations Works well when: ◦ Requirements are unknown ◦ Competition is extremely aggressive ◦ There is a need for very fast reaction times to factors external to the project King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Function-Oriented allow personnel to focus on whatever they are best at doing. Advantage: ◦ It allows people to work within a group where they can find help and advice easly Disadvantage: ◦ Intergroup conflict and a corresponding decrease in overall efficiency King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Matrix-Oriented Use two different organizational paradigms to: ◦ maximize the strengths of both while minimizing their weaknesses King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Project Staffing Situations that usually happen when it comes to project staffing: ◦ Project personnel have been assigned to you by executive management, and you have no choice ◦ You can swap existing project personnel with other personnel within the company ◦ You can augment internal project personnel by hiring additional resources from outside the company ◦ No resources and you King must hire everyone Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Project Staffing Options project: for finding people to staff your ◦ Recruitment ad in your company newsletter or a local paper ◦ Obtaining referrals from existing company personnel ◦ participating in a job fair ◦ posting openings to the internet or to local colleges and universities ◦ retaining a search agency King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Environment and Tools Estimation Examples of the activities types you need to consider: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ project planning and tracking configuration management software size estimation and design defect tracking integrated software development software testing team communication tools internet/web access King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Environment and Tools Estimation Many companies have a standardized set of tools You face the decision when considering tools between: ◦ More mature tool ◦ Leading edge tool Tool selection factor: ◦ Your own familiarity ◦ Your team member’s familiarity King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Work Breakdown Structures Documenting the overall work to be performed by ◦ developing Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) WBS is a decomposition of the entire project effort into smaller pieces You need a very high-level idea about how you are going to build the system You need a preliminary design King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

PARTIAL WBS King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Work Breakdown Structures you could attach the following boxes to “test code”: ◦ test core features ◦ test support features ◦ conduct performance tests ◦ conduct abuse tests. King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

WBS Example: How many boxes do I need? King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Resource Breakdown Structures Focus on the organizations, divisions, programs, projects, teams, and individuals who will be performing the work A common problem, the organizational relationships of who manages whom, who reports to whom, and who supports whom become highly confusing It is helpful if the resource breakdown structure shows a similar decomposition to the WBS King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Detailed Requirements Analysis requirements tend to shift throughout the project as customer’s problems tend to shift as fast as technology does Revisit the existing requirements regularly and evaluate their: ◦ ◦ ◦ relevancy objectivity completeness consistency testability King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran

Next Lecture Developing Detailed Plans King Abdulaziz University -CCIT I. Aula Al-Shagran