DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Theories of Communication

COMMUNICATION The word Communication has been derived from the Latin word ‘Communis’ which means to make common. “the imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge, information etc (whether by speech or writing)” (Oxford English Dictionary) “a process by which information is passed between individuals and/or organisations by means of previously agreed symbols” (Baguley, 2009)

COMMUNICATION Communication is the process that occurs when ideas, information and feelings are conveyed between individuals or groups of individuals for deliberate purposes

HOW DO WE COMMUNICATE? Scholars (Aristotle and Plato) termed the process as being Rhetoric. Communication was seen as a process in which the speaker constructed messages which are transmitted to the receiver to bring about a desired response in the receiver

A BASIC LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION Encode Send Channel Decode

BUT TO MAKE COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE THERE NEED TO BE AREAS OF “COMMONNESS ” Language Culture Environment And communication evolves ……. . (from smoke signals to the internet) Language Culture Environment

WHO Says What In which Channel To Whom With What Effect

SHANNON AND WEAVER 1949

OSGOOD 1954

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION We cannot communicate You cannot take it back It is complicated It is contextual

MICHAEL ARGYLE (1994) INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Skill that had to be learned that is like driving a car. Like driving a car you have to change your method to match the road conditions. Involves a constant cycle of watching what is happening then adapting to it.

Message Understood Ideas Occur Message Decoded Message Received Message Encoded Message Sent

WHAT IS A GROUP? Groups are collections of people who come together because they have a common purpose or goal and who gradually develop a shared sense of belonging or group identity.

TYPES OF GROUPS Primary groups Face to face situations in which group members know each other Secondary groups Widely distributed membership. Many group members who may never meet each other.

TUCKMAN 1965

EFFECTIVE GROUP MEMBERS (BURNARD 1992) Make verbal contributions to the group Listen to other group members Are prepared to take direction from the group leader Are prepared to be open about themselves Stay on task and don’t disrupt the group Are positive and construct their approach Arrive on time and stay until the end