Developing a Framework for Smart City Planning in

Developing a Framework for Smart City Planning in China: an Action Research Approach Ning Zhang Miguel Baptista Nunes School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University Guochao Peng School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University Qiang Li China Industrial Control System Cyber Emergency Response Team, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Lijun Wang China Industrial Control System Cyber Emergency Response Team, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Hui Zheng Tianjin Smart City Research Institute

Contents 1. Background 2. Research Question and Methodology 3. The Action Research Process 4. Integrative Discussion 5. Proposal of a Framework for Designing Smart City Development Plans 6. Conclusions

1. Background • • Five year plan is a series of social and economic development initiatives (Brødsgaard 2013); Initiated from the top and followed by specific and independent 5 -Year Plans for all public sector organizations (e. g. central and local government, army, state-owned companies, educational institutions, research institutions, etc. ); • Smart city planning is a roadmap to provide a first comprehensive and unified view of current and future solutions for the development of the smart city Five Year Plan 1 st Five Year Plan 1953 Smart City • 1957 …… 12 th Five Year 13 th Five Year Plan 2011 2015 2016 14 th Five Year Plan 2020 2021 2025 From an information systems perspective, a smart city results from “the use of smart computing technologies to make the critical infrastructure components and services of a city — which include city administration, education, healthcare, public safety, real estate, transportation, and utilities — more intelligent, interconnected, and efficient” (Washburn et al. 2010). Plan Market Chinese planned economy tradition adopted from the Soviet Union tradition;

2. Research Question and Methodology 2. 1. Research Questions 2. 2. Research Design -Action Research RQ 1 -How should sustainable development of smart cities in China be planned for? RQ 2 -What methods and information resources should be used in smart city planning? Figure. Spiral of Action Research Cycles (Coghlan and Brannick 2001)

3. The Action Research Process Projects and partnership Project 1: 13 th Five Year Plan for the Development of Smart Tianjin Municipal Commission of Industry and Information Technology (TMCIIT) Project 2: 13 th Five Year Plan for Informatization Development of Chuzhou Bureau of Economy and Information Technology(CBEIT ) Chuzhou Electronic Technology Information Research Institute (ETIRI) Tianjin Smart City Research Institute (TSCRI) Electronic Technology Information Research Institute (ETIRI) Our research team Electronic Technology Information Research Institute (ETIRI) renamed to China Industrial Control System Cyber Emergency Response Team

3. The Action Research Process

3. The Action Research Process Focus group interview Thematic topic discussion Walk interview

3. The Action Research Process Case study 1: A developed city –Tianjin（天津） Tianjin Chuzhou 1) Description • Have a total municipal population of 15, 469, 500 in 2015; • Ranked No. 5 in China; • One of the five central city in China. 2) Smart city targets • A model city based on smart management; • A model city of close-to-citizen service; • A pioneer in smart industry integration and innovation; • A connected city with a ubiquitous information network; • A safe city with ubiquitous monitoring systems. Case study 2: A developing city – Chuzhou （滁州） 1) Description • 4. 541 million population; • A prefecture level city in the Anhui province of China; • Administering 8 county level divisions covering 4 counties, 1 county level city, 1 sub-prefecture-level city and 2 districts. 2) Smart city targets • • To deploy a ubiquitous mobile and Wi-Fi network; Enhance the development of Internet + for industry (promoting upgrades to traditional industry and growth of new industry; Deepen the construction of integrated city management and service platforms; Complete the integrated urban governance platform.

4. Integrative Discussion (1 ) All smart city development plans must comply with the National guiding policies and related 13 th 5 Year Plans. (2 ) Development targets should be in line with the city’s vision and strategic objectives, as well as rooted on the current smart city development status, existing problems and future needs. (3 ) Development targets should be set by benchmarking with wellrecognized cities that have excelled in desired areas of desired development. (4 ) Development targets should balance and integrate soft and hard domains. (5 ) Planning by establishing key city projects.

5. Proposal of a Framework for Designing Smart City Development Plans -- The SCDP conceptual framework

6. Conclusions 1) Four main aspects to the design of smart city development plans 2) Contributions of SCDP conceptual framework a) Understanding of guiding policies and principles; c)Specification of development tasks and key projects; b) Assessment of development foundation and definition of smart city vision; d)Establishment of target indicators and safeguards. Note: different local needs resulted in different interpretations of national policies and diverse definitions of tasks and projects. a) To make contributions to 14 th Five Year Plan of smart city in China (Preparing in the year of 2020, and will start from 2021); b) To allow generalization and worldwide application (the core part are similar in any another society , namely: citizenship, city efficiency, infrastructure condition, informatization status, future needs and visions of the targeted cities) ; c) To attract planners and designers to be interested in learning about the systems, regulations and sociotechnical environment in China.

References Brødsgaard, K. 2013. “A Note on China’s 12 th Five-Year Plan: Content and Implications, ” Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies (29: 88), pp. 143 -153. Washburn, D. , Sindhu, U. , Balaouras, S. , Dines, R. A. , Hayes, N. M. , and Nelson, L. E. 2010. “Helping CIOs Understand ‘Smart City’ Initiatives: Defining the Smart City, Its Drivers, and the Role of the CIO, ” Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research, Inc. (http: //public. dhe. ibm. com/partnerworld/pub/smart erplanet/ forr_help_cios_und_smart_city_initiatives. pdf; retrieved June 18, 2017) Coghlan, D. and Brannick, T. 2001. Doing Action Research in your own Organization. London: Sage Publication

Thank You & Questions ? E-mail: miguelnunes@mail. sysu. edu. cn zhangn 78@mail. sysu. edu. cn