Determining Age using Bones How bones show AGE

Determining Age using Bones

How bones show AGE n n n # of bones (adults have fewer) Condition Growth plate vs epiphyseal line

n n n Epiphysis – end of long bone Epiphysis line-growth plate Fused – bones joined together

Sutures n n n Sagittal-open less than 35 yrs Lambdoidal-starts at 21 -closes at 30 yrs Coronal-closed at 50 yrs

X-ray of Bone Growth n n https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Plvd 7 eslg-Q http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 d. V 1 B we 2 v 6 c

What to Look For? n If the person is young: *Length of the bones (height) *Growth plate (epiphyseal line) Different bones fused at different times in our lives *Status of the teeth

Young or Old?

What to Look For? n In people over 20: n Epiphysis on sternal end of clavicle is last epiphysis to fuse at approximately 30 years

What to Look For? n Over 30: Look for deterioration n Less dense bones n More porous bones n Normal X-ray Osteoporosis X-ray

Best Bone for Age? n The pelvis!

Ischium and Pubis n Ischium and pubis are almost completely united (7 -8 years)

Ileum, Ischium and Pubis n n Ileum, ischium and pubis are joined together (13 -14 years) Ileum, ischium and pubis fully ossified (no epiphyseal unions) (20 -25 years)

Sacrum Two lowest segments of sacral vertebrae are joined together (18 years) n All segments of sacrum are united (25 -30 years) n

Back View of Sacrum

Head and Tuberosities n Head and tuberosities are more defined at birth and join to become one epiphysis (6 years)

Condyles n n Radial head, trochlea and external condyle blend to unite with shaft (16 -17) Internal condyle unites with shaft (18)

Upper Epiphysis n Upper epiphysis unites with shaft (20)

Changes in Femur n Parts of the Femur

Trochanters n n n Greater trochanter appears at age 4 Lesser trochanter appears at ages 13 -14 Head, greater and lesser trochanters join the shaft at age 18