Determinants of Diffusion Rate of Diffusion P 1

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Determinants of Diffusion Rate of Diffusion = (P 1 -P 2 ) * Area

Determinants of Diffusion Rate of Diffusion = (P 1 -P 2 ) * Area * Solubility Distance * MW • Pressure Gradient • Area • Distance • Solubility and MW are fixed Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Changes in Alveolar Gas Composition Figure 39 -3; Guyton & Hall Copyright © 2006

Changes in Alveolar Gas Composition Figure 39 -3; Guyton & Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Alveoli Figure 39 -4: Guyton & Hall Copyright ©

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Alveoli Figure 39 -4: Guyton & Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Partial Pressure of CO 2 in Alveoli Figure 39 -5; Guyton & Hall Copyright

Partial Pressure of CO 2 in Alveoli Figure 39 -5; Guyton & Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Alveolar and Blood Gases PO 2 = 159 PO 2 = 149 PCO 2

Alveolar and Blood Gases PO 2 = 159 PO 2 = 149 PCO 2 = 0 PO 2 = 100 PCO 2 = 40 PCO 2 = 45 Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. PO 2 = 100 PCO 2 = 40

Diffusion Capacity • Diff capacity 21 ml/min/mm. Hg * gradient of 11 mm. Hg

Diffusion Capacity • Diff capacity 21 ml/min/mm. Hg * gradient of 11 mm. Hg • 230 ml/min diffusion of oxygen 120 100 Po 2 in blood • Oxygen 80 60 40 20 0 0 0. 25 0. 75 Pulmonary Capillary Length % Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Diffusion Capacity 46 • Carbon Dioxide 45 blood Pco 2 – Diff capacity 400

Diffusion Capacity 46 • Carbon Dioxide 45 blood Pco 2 – Diff capacity 400 ml/min/mm Hg * gradient < 1 mm. Hg – 200 ml/min diffusion of carbon dioxide 44 43 42 41 8 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0 40 Pulmonary Capillary Length % Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Ventilation/Perfusion • Relationship between adequate flow and adequate ventilation • Defined as V/Q •

Ventilation/Perfusion • Relationship between adequate flow and adequate ventilation • Defined as V/Q • V/Q = (4 L/min)/ (5 L/min) = 0. 8 Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Ventilation/Perfusion V/Q = 0 p. O 2=? p. CO 2=? Shunt Copyright © 2006

Ventilation/Perfusion V/Q = 0 p. O 2=? p. CO 2=? Shunt Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. p. O 2=? p. CO 2=? Normal Figure 39 -11; Guyton & Hall p. O 2=? p. CO 2=? V/Q = ¥ Dead space

Regional Gas Exchange blood flow Va/Q ventilation Bottom lung Top lung Blood flow and

Regional Gas Exchange blood flow Va/Q ventilation Bottom lung Top lung Blood flow and ventilation are not evenly matched Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Ventilation/Perfusion • Physiologic shunt – Va/Q < normal – low ventilation • Physiologic dead

Ventilation/Perfusion • Physiologic shunt – Va/Q < normal – low ventilation • Physiologic dead space – Va/Q > normal – wasted ventilation • Abnormalities – Upper lung Va/Q ~ 2. 5 – Lower lung Va/Q ~. 5 Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

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