Detergents from renewable resources Sugar based surfactants Ingegrd

Detergents from renewable resources Sugar based surfactants Ingegärd Johansson Akzo. Nobel Surface Chemistry

Sustainable chemistry 2030 Five companies with a common vison for the future: ” 2030 Stenungsund is the centre for production of sustainable products within the chemical industry. Our activity is based on renewable raw materials and energy and contributes to a sustainable society.

Earlier, now and in the future 1990 2010 • Raw material from fossil • More raw material from renewable sources • Higher output per kilo produced • Goals for lower output of CO 2 • Lower demands from the • District heating well established environment and shorter lifetime • Recovery of material and more for the products sustainable products 2030 • Only renewable raw material • All products contribute to sustainable development • All plastics we produce are recovered • West coast net for district heating and cooling • Biogas, bioethanol och biohydrogen is produced

Surface active agents = Surfactants Hydrophilic Likes water Hydrophobic Likes oil

Surfactants derived from renewable sources Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Carboxylic group Fatty acids, alcohols, lignins, steroids, lecithins Glycerol, saccharides, phosphate, ammonia, urea, Ethylene oxide from bio-ethanol protein hydrolysates

Alkyl (poly) glucosides Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Glucose Fatty alcohols (from starch or cellulose) (from fatty acids i. e. from “fat”)

Classical synthesis of Alkyl Glucosides, ”Fischer glucosidation”

Work-up procedure for industrial (Fischer) glucosidation Neutralization, Na. OH + Na 2 CO 3 Evaporation of the excess alcohol (reused), risk for discoloration (caramellization and Maillard reaction) Dissolution in suitable medium Bleach with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, risk for oxidized by-products

By-products at AGproduction Dealkylation and polymerization of glucose give poly saccharides Dehydratization, gives unsaturated products e. g. hydroxymethyl furaldehyde, which may polymerize to coloured complex products Oxidation of OH-functions give carboxylic acids. These may react with alcohol under acidic conditions resulting in esters. Under alkaline conditions, e. g. when being bleached, these get hydrolyzed and p. H will go down.

Need for an enzymatic process? Stereo specificity? Excess alcohol to avoid polymerization? Easier work-up procedure? Are there enzymes capable of doing this?

Greenchem results? Stereospecific syntheses works Difficult to get an efficient process with cheap raw material Focus on specialties for specific purposes Ex. Long chain glucosides as emulsifiers and solubilizers Applications interesting for Astra. Zeneca