Detectors and Accelerators Marty Peters Summer 2006 Detectors

Detectors and Accelerators Marty Peters Summer 2006

Detectors • Detectors may be used to visualize, measure, or analyze particles and other forms of radiation. Properties detected include charge, mass, and momentum. They are often based on ionization of matter or luminescence.

Cloud Chamber • Gas-filled. Supersaturated vapor • Droplets form on ions generated by passing particle • ~1900 C. T. R. Wilson Source: www. scienceline. net

Bubble Chamber • Superheated liquid • Trails of gas bubbles from ionizing particles • 1952 Donald Glaser Source: Wikipedia

Photographic Plates • Light-sensitive emulsion • Blackened by radiation • 1910’s Victor Franz Hess – cosmic radiation left traces on stacks of plates • Mountains; balloons Source: faculty. washington. edu

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) • Vacuum tube • Converts light to electrical energy • Amplifies Source: www. answers. com

Cherenkov Detector • 1934 Cherenkov • Charged particles pass through transparent medium > speed of light in that medium [sonic boom] • Radiating light particles vs nonradiating heavy Source: neutrino. kek. jp

Ionization/Geiger-Mueller • 1908 Hans Geiger • Inert gas & organic vapor • Cathode (metal walls) • Anode (wire) • 100’s v; 0 amp • Radiation ionizes gas • Current pulse Source: www. answers. com

Scintillation Counter • Radiation strikes phosphor • Absorption & reemission • Tiny visible flashes • Based on Becquerel’s phosphorescence Source: www. ipj. gov. pl

Calorimeters • Measure energy Source: particleadventure. org

Detector Format • Fixed Target – cone shaped Source: particleadventure. org • Colliding Beams – spherical or cone

Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Background & Cosmic Source: lyoinfo. in 2 p 3. fr/ manoir/lsm_eng. html

Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Radioactive Sources Source: www. kiddofspeed. com

Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Accelerators Linear – Fixed Target or Collider Circular Source: particleadventure. org