Detection of Askaryan radio pulses produced by cores
Detection of Askaryan radio pulses produced by cores of air showers. Suruj Seunarine, David Seckel, Pat Stengel, Amir Javaid, Shahid Hussain June 18 -20, 2009 D. Seckel, Univ. of Delaware
Topics • Concept: – A source to test radio techniques – CR composition ? (not today) • Askaryan pulses & air shower dimensions • Air shower properties (AIRES & CORSIKA) – Particle content – Radial and energy distributions • Calculation of RF signal – Coherent addition of subshowers – Issues: near zone/far zone, ray tracing • Composition studies (not today) • Detection – Ice. Cube: shallow array, AURA – ANITA (not today) Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Theorist’s view of the UHE neutrino sky Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Recall how radio works JC, SY: “How do you know when you haven’t seen anything? ” 10 cm 5 m Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Radio Goals & Staging • 100 events/yr above 1018 e. V • >1000 km 3 sr • Validation of design for field work • Prototype projects – more than upper limits • Detect Air Showers: Signal/Background/Calib Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Critical dimensions Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
High energy ground level particles at SP • CORSIKA/AIRES – Primary energy: – Cutoff: – Composition 1, 100, 1000 Pe. V 1, 100, 1000 Ge. V p & Fe • Explore – Particle content – Radial profiles – Shower development rad - meson - baryon - mu Esh vs r d. N/d. E, ancestry Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Ground level particles (above 10 Ge. V) g e- m p n, p Radiation fraction increases with primary energy Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Radial distributions by particle ID radiating mesons baryons muons Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
E vs r (AIRES) Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
E vs r (CORSIKA) Fraction of available energy approaches 10% by 100 Pe. V Scaling allows use of high cutoff Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Synthesis of Askaryan pulses • Many ground level particles – Superposition • Individual RF pulses – – – Event: (id, te, xe, n, E) Sub. Shower: (ts, xs, n, (r, l, s)) Resolve geometry to antenna Launch EM pulse (scaled AVZ) Propagation effects (1/r, attenuation) Adjust phase to common time basis • Response – Co. Add spectra – Antenna/DAQ (t, n, pol, (complex spectrum)) Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
RF: (Ep = 1 Ee. V, Ecut = 1 Te. V ) Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
RF Cerenkov Rings Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
RF vs Core Size – (old) Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Characterization of Air Showers • 40 10 Pe. V Vertical CORSIKA showers. • Hadrons cut. • Looked at RF pattern on vertical string of 10 detectors every 10 m starting at 200 m deep, 150 m from shower. • A look at waveforms from single 1 Pe. V and 10 Pe. V events. • Peaks taken from 10 Pe. V waveforms to determine Cherenkov radiation pattern. • Justification for raising the energy cuts. Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
10 Pe. V Waveforms on string Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Depth Profiles and Energy Cuts • Waveform peaks at depth for 40 10 Pe. V showers. • Peak vmax values at different energy cuts. Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
RF vs core energy Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Parameterize Air Showers • Use shower radius (R), shower length (L) and shower size (S) to fit shower radiation patterns. • Peaks match up with some variation at the tails. Five event RF detection patterns (solid) with their parameterizations (dashed). Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Event Rate Calculation Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Shallow Array Concepts • Drill 16 x 30 m holes – 1 dom per hole – 4 antennas per dom • 2 x 50 m cables to each of four nearby strings & SJB • 2 doms per cable Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
AURA geometry Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Summary • • Test beam for radio sure would be nice Air Shower Cores: Eeff ~ 10% Ep (at Ee. V) Synthetic RF looks usable CR Composition Measurement – Core energy anti-correlated with deep-m – p-Fe separation • Three scenarios – Small subsurface array w/Ice. Top – AURA – ANITA Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
END Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Radial distributions by energy Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Sample the Cerenkov Ring Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Subshowers & Coherence of RF pulses Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Comparison of Fe/p Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Determining Cosmic Ray Composition • AIRES showers (from S. Seunarine) • Esh(r<20 cm) • High-lite: as proxy for radio 10 Pe. V, True iron Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Time Domain Waveforms Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
Ee. V/Te. V again Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
1 Pe. V Waveforms on String Askaryan pulses from air shower cores, UMD Radio Mtg. , June 18 2009 (Seckel)
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