Detailed Baseline Design Muons Baseline Resistive Plate Chambers

Detailed Baseline Design - Muons Baseline: Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) Optional Technology: Strip Scintillator/WLS fiber & Si-Avalanche Photo-diodes (Pixelated Photon Detectors=PPDs)

Institutes & Personnel RPCs Chang-guo Lu et al. , Princeton Univ. Henry Band et al. , Univ. of Wisconsin Scintillator H. E. Fisk, A. Para, P. Rubinov – Fermilab D. Cauz, G. Pauletta – INFN Trieste/Udine D. Hedin, A. Dychkant – No. Illinois Univ. M. Mc. Kenna, M. Wayne – U. of Notre Dame A. Gutierrez, P. Karchin – Wayne State U.

Si. D Muon Detector • Baseline choice – Double gap RPCs operating in avalanche mode are expected to have lowest cost and have adequate reliability – RPC and steel boundaries staggered to minimize geometric inefficiencies – > 93% eff. per layer – Digitized by KPIX(64 or 128) 3/28/10 • Detector Option H. Band –LCWS 10 – MINOS style scintillating strips with Si. PM readout being pursued to understand cost and performance of Si. PM readout – reliable backup 3

Si. D Muon • Expected Backgrounds – Barrel -Beam halo induced muons • 3 10 -3/cm 2 - pulse train – Endcap -2γ hadrons & μ • 4 10 -2 /cm 2 - pulse train • Detector design – Modest resolution ~ cm – 9 -10 layers interspersed in steel flux return (8 λ) – X and Y coordinate readout ~ 3 -4 cm pitch 3/28/10 H. Band –LCWS 10 4

Detailed Baseline Design = DBD • Critical R&D to be done by the end of 2012. • Resources: personnel, financial, material required to complete critical R&D. • Two year timeline for critical R&D. • Re-statement of baseline technology and the expected status of options. • The status of conceptual engineering. • Status of muon system simulation of performance – benchmark physics.

Sakue Yamada’s Nine Points 1. Proof of principle for critical components. 2. Define a feasible baseline design. 3. Integrate mechanical features such as cables, beam exclusion space, supports, dead zones into your DBD. 4. Simulation model of DBD: cooling, fault prot. 5. Impact on push-pull syst. , assembly time, alignment, calibration demands, etc. 6. Impact of your DBD on the accelerator incl. IR design. 7. Results of simulation studies on physics quality. 8. 1 Te. V Simulation studies results. 9. Reliable cost estimate/contingency for your DBD.

RPC Goals for DBD • Summarize RPC experience in Ba. Bar establishing RPC aging properties as adequate for expected background rates • Study BESIII or variant RPCs as possible alternatives to traditional linseed oil design • No identified manpower to extend detector/flux return designs • No identified manpower to extend KPi. X/ RPC designs 3/28/10 H. Band –LCWS 10 7

Proof of Principles - Achieved • 1 cm thick extruded scintillator with 1. 2 mm dia. WLS fiber and PPDs w/650 pixels provide adequate numbers of photo-electrons for incident beam between 0 and 6 m from readout. • Probably this factor is OK forward/backward (x, y) strips that would be read-out at the outer radius of the circular Fe. It may be desirable to have double ended readout for barrel strips.

Beam in the top strip 10 cm from readout end. 4 6 16 10 Top strip r. o. 2 F. P. Peds Bottom strip r. o. Runs 5045 and 5046 2/20/2010 1/11/2022 9

Proof of Principles - Achieved • The calibration scheme during a “no – interactions” time gate allows observation of: pedestal, 1 and 2 photo-electron peaks without additional electronics and software. Such data are used to calibrate the minimum ionizing signal. • A decrease of photo-electron yield in the gap between adjacent scintillator strips implies a dead region of approximately 0. 5 mm, though this needs to be confirmed.

TB 4 Set-up at D 0 ; Cosmic Rays 180 digitizations * 4. 708 ns = 847 ns. Small pulses and Large pulses! 1/11/2022 11

Muon-scintillator Channel Count Barrel 5. 7 m long; 14 barrels; axial 10, 025 (r, f) 15, 570 Sum 25, 595 Forward/Backw’d (x, y) Quads RFe = 5. 5 m, 4 quads X 2 (x, y) [1, 072] 14 planes X 2 forw/back F+W 30, 016 Readout ch’s 25, 595 + 30, 016 = 55, 611

R&D To Be Done • Readout end of strip needs fully integrated longitudinal, transverse and cross-sectional development that can be used to make 55 K strip connections to FE electronics: miniprinted circuit plus? • Design of the electrical bias/signal cable run real estate. • Recent test beam R&D has focused on signal response to beam one strip at a time. We need to understand 16 to 64 strips in parallel.

More R&D to be Done • Noise measurements as the number of strips/cells increases. • Readout should not be too complicated with 16 channel boards of present electronics. • Mechanical support for strips and planes. • Extruded scintillator exists; some WLS fiber exists; will need pixelated photon detectors, etc. Cosmic ray setup? • Fool-proof alignment scheme for centering WLS fiber on pixelated photon detector and locking it in place.

Muons/Scintillator R&D Schedule FY 11 Q 1 Muon detector drawings Procure and bench test PPDs Develop trigger counters WLS to new strips Assemble strips into plane Additional TB 4 Bds assembled Bench tests of New TB 4 boards Bench tests of new strips Beam tests of new strips/plane Travelers for strips & planes* Reports Q 2 Q 3 FY 12 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4

Test Bench for Cosmic Testing

Resources (Personal, Financial, Material) • Continue with M. Mc. Kenna at Notre Dame, Paul Rubinov and Tom Fitzpatrick at Fermilab, Giovanni Pauletta, Diego Cauz and Yuri Oksuzian (Virginia Tech) and others from the Mu 2 e experiment have helped with running at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF). • We will need additional TB 4 style boards with more channels as are being built for other experiments. • For cost estimate we have recently updated our detector geometry file: Mu_Det_Plane_Area_7_30_2010. xls

Engineering Design • Effort to date has been primarily on electrical/electronics; necessary for proof of principles. Small signals vs. Noise. Rubinov’s SPICE analysis is helpful. • Mechanical engineering has been “as needed”. Now needed for modules with many strips. Mu detector impact on the Fe, e. g. cables to. . • Cost and performance depend on both mechanical and electrical designs that are well engineered. We need engineering reviews before we spend too much money. • List of Mechanical and Electrical drawings.

Evolution of the Muon System in the Si. D Simulation • Previous Si. D simulations by C. Milstene focused on finding muons in b-pair final states. We should return to these studies at some point.