Designing in Teams Dr Alistair Cockburn http Alistair

People. . . tin en Inv g tin ica un mm g Co Deciding Ex Cr So ea lv in tin pr g g in ess a a pr lan in s ob ol gu g i u le tio ag de m es as n … they don’t understand which keepschanging To an interpreter unforgiving of error Making decisions every decision has economic consequences and resources are limited. 2 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

Co C ge wled n Kno uisitio acq Design in Teams L Procean esse

Craft: lifelong deepening of skills in a medium. aft Cr Skill grows in stages

aft Cr Cooperative Games Infinite Open-ended Endpoint-directed Career Management Organization Survival Product Lines King-of-the-hill wrestling Poker Tennis Chess Competitive 5 Co o Gapera me tiv s e Jazz music Rock-Climbing Theater Journalism Business initiatives Engineering Software Development Cooperative © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

Games have positions, moves, strategies aft Cr There are only three types of moves.

aft Cr Strategies: Adapt to situations. Criticality Life Essential moneys Discretionary moneys Comfort L 6 L 20 X E 6 X D 6 C 6 1 -6 L 100 E 40 E 100 X E 20 X L 40 X D 20 D 40 D 100 C 20 C 40 C 100 - 20 - 40 - 100 Number of people coordinated 7 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Co o Gapera me tiv s e

Communication Effectiveness Communication: Face-to-face is still best. aft Cr 2 people at whiteboard 2 people on phone (Courtesy of Thoughtworks, inc. ) 2 people on chat tion s e u (Q swe n A -& r) Videotape r) Paper swe n A -& tion ues Q o (N Communication channels in play 8 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn Co o Gapera me tiv s e

aft Cr L Procean esse s Design is like manufacturing, but decisions are the internal inventory. Co o Gapera me tiv s e Design has loops backward in flow! I wish they’d decide what style they want! I wish they’d decide on the UI design already! I wish they’d think a bit more carefully before coding! UI Designers Users & Sponsors I wish they’d decide what functions they want! A decision Business Analysts 9 Programmers Testers Every line of code is a decision © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

Convert jams to continuous flow. UI Designers Users & Sponsors Programmers Testers Business Analysts 10 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn s L Procean esse Learn from lean manufacturing: Reduce decisions in motion & balance the flow. aft Cr Co o Gapera me tiv s e

aft Cr s L Procean esse "Solving a problem they don't yet understand … " ge wled n Knoquisitio ac Design as knowledge acquisition: Knowledge Co o Gapera me tiv s e Solidify business value knowledge Grow knowledge (shrink risk) Business Risk (are we building the right thing? ) Social Risk (can these people build this thing? ) Technical Risk (will our equipment work? ) cost Surprise! Typical learning path time We can pay to learn early! 11 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

s ge wled n Knoquisitio ac Design as knowledge acquisition: L Procean esse aft Cr Co o Gapera me tiv s e Solidify business value knowledge Grow knowledge (shrink risk) Grow business value cost time 12 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

Trim & deliver sooner L Procean esse aft Delay & improve “Trim the tail” time 13 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn s ge wled n Knoquisitio ac Trim the tail to deliver by date or value. Cr Co o Gapera me tiv s e

L Procean esse aft s ge wled n Knoquisitio ac What you use depends on yourself(selves). Cr Co o Gapera me tiv s e Personalities Self-Awareness Techniques & Strategies Theory Values Priorities Personalities Reflection Cooperative Game Lean Processes Knowledge acquisition Shu-Ha-Ri 14 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn

Craft Professions skills in a medium Knowledge Acquisition pay-to-learn, trim-the-tail Designing in Teams Cooperative Game communication, teamwork, strategies Lean Processes Unvalidated decisions as inventory Personalities (Self-Awareness) the strategies and techniques actually used http: //Alistair. Cockburn. us 15 © 2010 Alistair Cockburn