Design Strategies What is research design Why design

第五章 研究設計策略 Design Strategies

What is research design? Why design research?

資料蒐集方法 n 觀察法 Monitoring/observation n 調查法 Interrogation/communicatio n

研究目的 n 描述性研究 Descriptive study n n 報告who what when where 因果研究 Causal study n n Why & how X 如何影響 Y

研究環境 n 實地環境 Field conditions n 實驗室環境 Laboratory /Simulations

研究具體化程度 n n 探索性研究Exploratory research 敘述性研究 Descriptive research 相關性研究 Correlation research 因果關係研究 Causal research

Exploratory Research 探索性研究

Descriptive Research 敘述性研究

“I keep six honest serving men, (they taught me all I knew), their names are what, and why, and when, and how and where and who. ” --Rudyard Kipling

Correlation Research 相關性研究

Causal Research 因果研究

CAUSAL RESEARCH

因果關係推論 n Method of agreement A C n B D C E C Z Z Z Method of difference A A B B C No C C Z Z Z

因果關係(example) n 刺激與反應 stimulus-response n n 特質與性向property-disposition n n Gender antiwar attitude 性向與行為disposition-behavior n n Price increase sales decrease JS turnover intention 特質與行為 property-behavior n Edu investment pattern

RESEARCH PROCESS

Stages of the Research Process Discovery and Definition Problem Discovery and Definition Research Design and so on Conclusions and Report Sampling Data Processing and Analysis Data Gathering

研究程序 n n n Problem discovery & problem definition Research design sampling Data gathering Data processing and analysis Conclusion & report

“The formulation of the problem is often more essential than its solution. ”

Research design n 指引研究所將採取的方法(methods)、程序 (procedures)、及行動(actions) n n Observations Studies Secondary Data Studies Surveys Experiments

Sampling Sample: subset of a larger population. SAMPLE POPULATION

Data gathering

Data processing and analysis

Conclusions and report writing