Design of a VerticalAxis Wind Turbine MUN VAWT

Design of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine MUN VAWT DESIGN Group 11 Jonathan Clarke Luke Hancox Daniel Mac. Kenzie Matthew Whelan

Agenda Phase 1 Recap Aerodynamic Analysis Structural Analysis Regulations Environment Economic Analysis Progress Image Credits: The Telegram

Phase I Recap Design a vertical-axis wind turbine for operation in remote communities in Newfoundland Labrador The design will Work in conjunction with diesel generators Be simple in design Produce sufficient energy to offset fuel costs Allow for transportation by boat to remote areas 3 -bladed H-rotor configuration with DU 06 -W-200 airfoils

Aerodynamic Analysis Preliminary sizing: 320 m 2 swept area From wind power density formula: W/m 2 = ½ ρavg CP V 3 Various aspect ratios were tested Optimal was 1. 25 : 1 (H/D) Software used for analytical evaluation: QBlade Uses the double-multiple streamtube method Computes VAWT performance at a range of operating conditions Does not account for tower wake or dynamic stall

Aerodynamic Results QBlade results scaled to correct for software limitations Turbine governed to 35 RPM to reduce loads on shaft and structure Estimated annual output: 300 MWh 6 m/s average wind speed Cut-In Speed: 7 km/h (2 m/s) Max Power: 130 k. W @ 50 km/h (14 m/s) Rated Power: 100 k. W @ 40 km/h (11 m/s) Cut-Out Speed: 94 km/h (26 m/s)

Structural Design – Drive Shaft Material will be AISI 4340 since it is commonly used for large drive shafts Shaft will be hollow to reduce weight and reduce material costs Stress in the shaft was calculated due to the maximum torque (~100 000 N-m) The shaft will have an outer diameter of 30 cm and a thickness of 2 cm Gives a safety factor of 4. 9

Structural Design – Tower A 35 structural steel was selected as it is typical for larger structures The tower was analyzed as a vertical hollow cylinder subjected to wind loads and the weight of the VAWT itself The distributed wind load on the tower in N/m is:

Structural Design – Tower The tower will have an inner diameter of at least 2 meters and a wall thickness of 0. 0254 m (1 inch) Using the Von Mises yield criterion on the bending, axial and shear stresses, the maximum stress was 25 MPa Minimum safety factor of 10

Structural Design – Blades Subject to distributed lift and drag forces along the length of the blade Max bending moment will occur half way between the supports

Structural Design – Blades Von-Mises stresses were calculated at various points around the airfoil Max stress of 5. 3 MPa when the azimuth angle is 27. 5 degrees Max stress allowed for selection of composite material Y-Coordinates DU 06 -W-200 Airfoil -1, 8 -1, 6 -1, 4 -1, 2 -1 -0, 8 -0, 6 X-Coordinates -0, 4 -0, 2 0, 15 0, 1 0, 05 0 -0, 15 -0, 2 Ser. . . 0, 2

Regulations IEC 61400 -1 Outlines minimum design requirements 20 year design life Wind Turbine Class Vref (m/s) I II III 50 42. 5 37. 5 A Iref 0. 16 B Iref 0. 14 C Iref 0. 12 S Special cases

Regulations Normal operation: Normal turbulence Extreme turbulence Start up & shut down: Normal wind profile Extreme operating gust Parked: Extreme wind speed

Environment 0. 01 – 0. 02 % annual avian collision fatalities Average 8. 2 bird deaths/turbine annually Location dependent 0 – 27 bird deaths/turbine annually

Economic Analysis Estimated Capital Cost Annual Maintenance Cost VAWT Turbine - $10 000. 00 Diesel Generators - $20 000. 00 Projected Fuel Cost in 2015 $500 000. 00 Quotes $3 600 000. 00 Payoff Period 3 Years Installation of 5 turbines will cut cost by 15%

Project Status Phase II Preliminary Structural Design • On schedule Aerodynamic • On schedule Modelling - QBlade Preliminary Vibrational Analysis Preliminary CAD Model Selection of Generator • Delayed • Priority given to economic analysis • On Schedule • Delayed • Waiting on vendors Phase III Structural FEA Aerodynamic Modelling - CFD Detailed Vibrational Analysis • On schedule • Ahead of schedule • Delayed • Priority given to economic analysis Detailed • Ahead of schedule Mechanical Design Detailed CAD Model • On schedule Economic Analysis • Ahead of schedule

MUN VAWT DESIGN ENGI 8926 Mechanical Design Project II QUESTIONS? http: //www. munvawtdesign. weebly. co m Acknowledgements: Thank you to Dr. Sam Nakhla for guidance on structural analysis.