Design Engineering 1 642021 Design Engineering KTU Syllabus

Design Engineering 1 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Creativity is intelligence having fun. . . 2 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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• 7 A design engineer is a general term for a person who may be involved in any of various engineering disciplines including electrical, mechanical, chemical, textiles, aerospace, nuclear, manufacturing, civil, systems, and structural /building/architecture & Computers. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design & its Objectives. • Design – is a creative process. • Imagination. . ? • Knowledge. . . ? • Engineeing students in class Learns theory. . • Is there a chance of students to fail. 8 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

When work is based on familier models/design. . . no problem • ( knowlege will help. ) • • Entirely new project- higher level of understanding. • Aim of design process- • Enable students to follow a systamatic approach of design. • Identify customer need. ( he gives a generic statement). • Engineer- to identify the real need of customer. 9 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

What is important ? • Is Mathematics important ? • Eg. Making of a chair for a child. • Functions are manipulated by reasoning. ( Safety , Colour). 10 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design Engineer • Think Independently. • Draw conclusions. • Combine solutions. 11 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Not all engineers built are sucessful. 1. Chernobyl nuclear power plant. • 2. World trade centre collapse. . • 12 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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65 percent of the batteries used in the Note 7, was at fault. Samsung SDI made batteries for all Note 7 phones sold outside China. Note 7 devices sold in China used batteries made by Amperex Technologies Limited (ATL). Batteries shorting and exploding under certain situations. 17 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Reasons for failures Incorrect or overextended assumptons. • Poor understanding of the problem to be solved. • Incorrect design specifications. • Faulty manufacturing & assembly. • Error in design calculations. • Incomplete experimentation • Inadequate data collection. • Errors in drawings. • 18 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• 19 “Engineering is a profession in which a knowledge of mathematical & natural sciences, gained by study, experience & practice is applied with the judgement to develop the ways to utilize, economically , the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind” 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Syllabus Module 1 • Design and its objectives; Design constraints, Design functions, Design means and Design from; Role of Science, Engineering and Technology in design; Engineering as a business proposition; Functional and Strength Designs. Design form, function and strength; • How to initiate creative designs? Initiating the thinking process for designing a product of daily use. Need identification; Problem Statement; Market survey custom requirements; Design attributes and objectives; Ideation; Brain storming approaches; arriving at solutions; Closing on to the Design needs. An Exercise in the process of design initiation. A simple • problem is to be taken up to examine different solutions • Ceiling fan? Group Presentation and discussion • 20 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

After your graduation you should have. . . • Problem solving skills. ( define problem, develop alternative solution, implement the solution finally selected) • Effective communication skills. • Highly ethical & professional behavior. • Open minded & positive attitude. 21 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Proficiency in math & science. • Technical skills ( In choosen profession). • Motivation to continue learning. ( Scientific knowledge are expanding). • Knowledge of business strategies & management practices. ( if you want to suceed in industry). • • 22 Computer litracy ( latest computer technology). 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

General terms • Design Objective- Feature / behavior. • Design constraint- limit or restriction on features or behavior. • Functions- things a designed device or a system is supposed to do. • Means – a way or method to make a function happen. • Form- the shape & structure of a something as distinguished from its material. 23 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Delhi Metro Rail corporation. Delhi Metro is the world's 12 th largest metro system in terms of both length and number of stations • Objective – transport system serving Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad. • City crosses 1 million population • Automobiles contributed 2/3 of atmospheric pollution. • More registered vehiches than kolkata, chennai, mumbai put toether. • • Constarint- Globally metros are financially unviable. • All staff recruited are personally interviewed by E. Sreedharan. • Cost in phase 1 jumped from 60 billion to 90 billion. • Problem of skill shortage, training, experience, corruption. • 24 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Functions- • DMRC appointed a special quality assurance team. Each empoyee has to prepare a detailed report aganist benchmark. • Every Monday HOD has to meet to refix target. • • Means- DMRC used primavera project planner. • DMRC employeed only 45 persons per kilometer. ( Kolkotha 130) • • 25 Contact with delhi transco. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Form- Line 1 - RED- caused minimum disturbance to traffic. • Line 2 - YELLOW- underground tunnelling, cut & cover method. • • Line 3 -BLUE- used U shaped griders. • Unique features of DMRC- Lines -6 • Stations-142. • Train strength-4 - 6 coaches. • • 26 No of vehichles- 210 trains. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Some Extended notes. • The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has been certified by the United Nations as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get "carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions" and helping in reducing pollution levels in the city by 630, 000 tonnes every year. • DMRC operates around 2000 trips daily between 05: 30 till 00: 00 running with a headway varying between 1– 2 minutes and 4– 10 minutes. The trains are usually of four, six and eight-coach. • Planning for the metro started in 1984, • Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was incorporated in May 1995, construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002. • The development of network was divided into phases, Phase I containing 3 lines was completed by 2006, and Phase II in 2011. Phase III is scheduled for completion by 2017 (originally planned for 2016). • 28 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Desirble qualities of a Design Engineer • Problem solving skills- able to identify and define the problem to be solved. • Scientific temper and proficiency in STEM [ Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics] • Technical and Computer skills. • Ethical, moral and professional values. 29 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design Process • Introduction to Design • Initiating Design Structured Design Process Defining the Design Space Analogies Thinking outside the box Quality Function Deployment Design Evaluation Choosing a Design • • 30 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Need Identification Design starts with need identification. Whose need? User , Client or Customer; Aircraft- Designer – Boeing or Airbus Client- Air India or Indi. Go User: Passengers At times the user, the client and the customer could be the same or different. User - The entity that has the need to use the design. 31 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Designer User and Client 32 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Designer should be aware of professional and social ethics and values. For any Design to be taken up, there should be a need gap or a problem that needs a solution. This gap or need could be identified by the user, an observer or by an organization. Is design same as invention? 33 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Science- seeks answers to questions about the natural universe. ( Why ? ) • Eg. Issac Newton. • Movement of planets. • Projectiles fall to the ground. • Technology- asks how things happen? 34 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Role of Science/Technology/Engineering Advances in technology and/or a scientific discovery may create the opportunityfor a new engineered product. • Human beings are usually comfortable when in temperatures between 20°C and 25°C • By the beginning of the twentieth century, air cooling systems of limited effectiveness had been installed. • in 1902, Willis H. Carrier (1876 -1950), a mechanical engineer, was striving to eliminate the negative effect that humidity had upon color printing. • • 35 Carrier realized that cold air could absorb humidity from warm air. He designed a cold water spray system through which the relative humidity of the air within a room could be controlled by simply regulating the temperature of the spray. (He received a patent ). 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Ammonia was used as the refrigerant in early air conditioning systems in 1920. • Unfortunately, ammonia is both corrosive and unpleasant. • Ammonia has been replaced by freon. ( a nontoxic and nonflammable fluorocarbon discovered ) in 1930. • freon can be quite hazardous to the earth's ozone layer if it is allowed to escape to the atmosphere. Hence, the need exists for further improvement in air conditioning systems. • R 22 gas is presently used. ( Chloro fluro methane). • 36 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Role of Science • Determine Function Safety parameters • Rules & regulations • Units of measurement • Analyse & simulate the product • Various software packages for designing. • Various quality control tools to measure various factors of a component. • Integration of design process with manufacturing. • 37 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Rocket 38 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Rocket • Robert H. Goddard, the American scientist who built the first liquidfueled rocket—which he successfully launched on March 16, 1926. • fascinated with spaceflight after reading an 1898 newspaper serialization of H. G. Wells’ classic novel about a Martian invasion, War of the Worlds. • Goddard would recall later, the concept of interplanetary flight “gripped my imagination tremendously. ” 39 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Quick. Time • 40 multimedia program Quick. Time after watching an episode of “Star Trek: The Next Generation, ” wherein one of the characters is listening to multiple music tracks on his computer. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Quick. Time 41 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Cellphone 42 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Cellphone • 43 Martin Cooper, the director of research and development at Motorola, credited the “Star Trek” communicator as his inspiration for the design of the first mobile phone in the early 1970 s. “That was not fantasy to us, ” Cooper said, “that was an objective. ” 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Velcro 44 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Velcro • After a hunting trip in the Alps in 1941, Swiss engineer George de Mestral’s dog was covered in burdock burrs. Mestral put one under his microscope and discovered a simple design of hooks that nimbly attached to fur and socks. • After years of experimentation, he invented Velcro — and earned U. S. Patent in October 1952. Benyus said it is probably the best-known and most commercially successful instance of biomimicry. 45 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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• High-speed trains can literally cause headaches. That's why Japan limits their acceptable noise-pollution level, which can be particularly high when the trains emerge from tunnels. As they drive through, air pressure builds up in waves and, when the nose emerges, can produce a shotgun-like thunderclap heard for a quarter mile. • Eiji Nakatsu, a bird-watching engineer at the Japanese rail company JR-West, in the 1990 s took inspiration from the kingfisher, a fisheating fowl that creates barely a ripple when it darts into water in search of a meal. The train’s redesigned nose — a 50 -foot-long steel kingfisher beak — didn't just solve the noise problem; it reduced power use and enabled faster speeds. 47 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Need & requirements of systematic design. Technical, economic properties of product, commercial importance---->>>systematic design. • We cannot prove this importace to designers ( less domain knowledge) • Design Science. . ? • Scientefic methods to analyse the structure of technical systems, relationships. . . • Design Methedology. . ? • Set of actions taken from design science+ cognitive Physcology+pracical experience in diff domains. • 48 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Systematic Design : • provides solutions that can be used again. • • Stepwise approach- helps in selecting & optimise an early stage design with minimum effort. • Helps in getting computer support for design procees. • Easy to divide work between computers & designers. 49 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design Methedology must have. . • Problem directed approach. ( What ever be the problem). • Foster inventiveness & Understanding. • Be compatible with concepts, methods & findings of other disciplines. • Not rely on finding solutions by a chance. • Be compatable with electronic data processing. • Reduce workload, savetime, prevent human error. • Provide guidance to your team leaders. 50 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• is a splitting of software development work into distinct phases (or stages) containing activities with the intent of better planning and management. • The methodology may include the pre-definition of specific deliverables and artifacts that are created and completed by a project team to develop or maintain an application 51 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Waterfall Model • The waterfall model is a sequential development approach, in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through several phases. Project is divided into sequential phases • Emphasis is on planning, time schedules, target dates, budgets and implementation of an entire system at one time. • Tight control is maintained over the life of the project via extensive written documentation, formal reviews, and approval/signoff • 52 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Prototyping Model 54 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

the creation of prototypes • Incomplete prototypes. • Not a standalone, complete development methodology • Attempts to reduce inherent project risk by breaking a project into smaller segments and providing more ease-of-change during the development process. • • 55 user acceptance of the final implementation. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Incremental Model 56 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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• reduce inherent project risk by breaking a project into smaller segments and providing more ease-of-change during the development process. A series of • are performed. • • phases of the Waterfall are completed for a small part of a system. • Overall requirements are defined before proceeding to evolutionary, mini-Waterfall development of individual increments of a system 58 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Iterative Incremental Model • 59 construction of initially small but ever-larger portions of a software project to help all those involved to uncover important issues early before problems or faulty assumptions can lead to disaster. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Spiral Model 60 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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deliberate iterative risk analysis, particularly suited to large -scale complex systems. • Focus is on risk assessment and on minimizing project risk by breaking a project into smaller segments • providing more ease-of-change during the development process • Each cycle involves a progression through the same sequence of steps • 63 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Rapid Action Development Model • favors iterative development and the rapid construction of prototypes instead of large amounts of up-front planning. • • • 64 The "planning" of software developed using RAD is interleaved with writing the software itself. The lack of extensive pre-planning generally allows software to be written much faster, and makes it easier to change requirements. Key objective is for fast development and delivery of a high quality system at a relatively low investment cost. breaks a project into smaller segments. Key emphasis is on fulfilling the business need, while technological or engineering excellence is of lesser importance. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Desirable qualities of a Engineer • Strong & Anaytical aptitude • Attention in detail- slight error cause entire sym to fail Excellent communication Skill Continuing education Ability to think logically Creative Mathematics- Complex calculations Problem solving skills Team Player. • • • 67 Technical knowledge Unselfishness Fearlessness Persistence Adaptability 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Enginering as a business proposition. Engineering design carriculam must include • Student creativity. • • • 68 Open ended problems. Development & use of modern design theory. Formulation of design problem. Economic factors. Safety Reliability Ethics Social impact. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design Levels based on Need Identification • Three levels of difficulty. • Adaptive Design – • Adaptation of existing designs. • In some manufacturing process the development has alreay ceased. • Designer has no role. • Most problems can be solved by a designer with ordinary technical training. 69 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Development Design – • designer starts from an existing design, but the final outcome may differ markedly from the initial product. • New Design – • Only a small number of designs are new designs. 70 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Need Identification Preliminary Research on Customer Needs. • Gathering Info from Customer. • • 71 Interview with customers. Focus groups with max of 12 customers. Customer complaints. Warranty data. Customer surveys. ( Written questionnaire) Problem statement ( What is the problem ? ) 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Contd…. • Market Survey • 1. Customer Interviews. Reviewing the customer compalints • Conducting & Evaluvating Customer Surveys. • Ethnographic studies ( Way people behave in regular environments) • 72 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Factors affecting Product Design • Customer Requirements • Quality, performance, reliability, durability • Production facilities • Production easy, minimize cost • Raw Materials to be used • Latest materials, competitors products • Cost to price • Product with in the cost, never overdesign. • Plant & Machineries • Designer must not design a product which cannot be manufactured by the machines available in the company • Quality Policy • Prestige Image- Rolce Roce, & Popular Image- 73 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Reputation Of the company • Keep up the positive image & trust • Effect on Existing Products 74 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Design Process Map • Design of a system can be done in 2 ways. • 1. Evolutionary Change – A product is allowed to evolve over a period of time with only slight improvement. • Done when there is no competition. • • 2. Innovation- • Rapid scientefic growth, technological discoveries, and competing companies lead to innovation. 75 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Diagram Example • 1. Problem recognition & definition • Market survey • 2. Information Search • Past work • 3. Synthesis of configurations Systematic techniques • Creative ingenuity. • Feasibility calculations. • • 76 4. Selection of optimum configuration 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• 5. Selection of materials & dimensions Optimization techniques • Cut & try. • • 6. Manufacuring specifications & model constructions • 7. Design analysis & evaluvation. Theoratical • Experimental • • 77 8. Production-distribution-consumption-recovery cycle 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Identify the customer need • Client Request: Client may submit the request for developing an artifact. • Eg: I need a ladder. • I need a personal webpage. . • • Modification of an existing design: Client ask to modiy existing design to make it simpler. • Easy to use. • Company want to give customers new easy to use products. . • 78 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Eg : Cofee maker made by different companies vary in shape, size, material used , cost. . • Generation of a new product: All Industries are profit oriented industries. • All segments of engineering are focussed on profit. • Eg: Management , engineering, production, inspection, advertising, marketing, sales, servicing etc. . • Unfortunately some compaies takepart in profitless competition. • If industry want to survive they must grow. • Growth is made on new products. • 79 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Qualities of good designer • Curiosity about how things work: • Unselfishness. • Fearlessness • Persistance. • Adaptability. 80 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Initiating the thinking process in designing a product of daily use. • Define the problem. • Generate alternative solutions. Evaluvate and select a solution. • Detail the design • Defend the design. • Manufacture & test. • Evaluvation of performance. • Preparing the final design report. • 81 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Need Identification. • Basis of good engineering is identifiying the need. • Sucess? • Whether customer satisfid with the product. What do they want? Where do they want it? When do they want it? What price are they willing to pay? • • 82 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Please Investigate • How large is the market? • Is anyone else supplying the market? • Is the market realistic? • What are the financial & legal risks ? • Can you make profit by designing and producing a product for this market? 83 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Define the problem/ problem statement • Need: • people work at empire state building are compalining about the waits at the elevator. This need must be remedied • Problem defenition ( Should be done by engineer): • Design a new elevator for the empire state building. • Improved problem defenition: • Increase customer satisfaction with elevators in the empire state building. 84 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

List of design specification( after problem defenition) • Done after translating need to problem defenition. Specification will raise the voice of customer. • Includes. . • 1. Demanded design charas. . . (D) • 2. Wished for design charas. . . ( W) • • Dont confuse both. . . • Use numbers where ever possible. . ( avoid low, high , medium) 85 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Specifications come in following categories • Performance • Geometry Materials Energy Time Cost Manufacture. Standards Safety Transport Environment. • • • 86 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Problem defenition example • Design & build a RC portable device that will play nine holes of golf at a local golf course with fewest possible number of strikes. . • Demand/specification Cost must be less than 600 $ • Must be remotely trigerred. • Entire device must form a single unit. • Must be portable. • • 87 Must pass a safety review. 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Solution : organise the demands under each heading. • then use further D & W. • • Performance D- Must be remotely triggered. • D – driving distance must be adjustable with in a range of 15 & 250 yards. • D- Must operate & incline upto 45 degree. • W-Driving accuracy of +/- 5 yards. • 88 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Geometry: D- total no of radio controlled servos is eight. • D- Ground supports must fit in 3 feet circle. • • Materials: • W- materials must not degrade under exteme weather conditions • Time: • D- 14 weeks. • Cost: • D-600$ 89 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Manufacture: D- Must be manufactured using tools available in shop. • W- of the shelf parts should be readily available. • • Standards: • D- radio must regulate to FAA regulations. ( Federal Aviation regulation). • Safety: • D-Design must pass safety review • Transport: D-Must be portable. • W-Must fit in car or small truck. • 90 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Brainstorming • Alex F. Osborn two principles • 1. Defer judgment • 2. Reach for quantity • • Three goals reduce social inhibitions among group members. • stimulate idea generation. • increase overall creativity of the group • 91 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Go For Quandity: • The assumption is that the greater the number of ideas generate the bigger the chance of producing a radical and effective solution. Withhold criticism: criticism of ideas generated should be put 'on hold‘. Reserving criticism for a later 'critical stage' of the process. participants will feel free to generate unusual ideas. Welcome wild ideas: These new ways of thinking might give you better solutions. Combine and improve ideas: • • 92 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Brainstorming • Is a method to get alternative ideas/concepts after problem statement & specification. • Alternative- • • proposed ideas must be fundamentally different. Brainstorming based on creativity & your past experience to produce ideas. • Criticism is not allowed. • Helps team member to put ideas with out fear or immediate rejection. • Should lead to ideas that creators of the session has not anticipated. • After the session is over the teams should eliminate the concepts that are not fundamentally feasible. • 3 concepts should be taken. • Can Provide as many ideas as possible. • 94 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• 2 types. • 1. Group Brainstorming- • • Complex problems 2. Individual Brainstorming- • Simple problems. Individual brainstorming misses the idea of shared experience & expertise. • Individual method is found more effective. • 95 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• 1. some are creative in morning. • 2. some in bus. • 3. in group certain members are ignored. • 4. some memberes will be refrained from expressing their ideas. • 5. some feel too shy. . . • 96 6. 6/4/2021 some will dominate. Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Mind Mapping • Draw circle around a problem in a piece of paper. Then draw lines out of it • Lines are solutions. • Can use lines, words, symbols, brain friendly images. • Similar to a city with roads leading outside. • 97 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Characterestics • Problem in center. • Main theme radiates from center as branches. • Each branch contains a word on line. • Topics of lesser importance represented as branch. • Branches from a connected nodel structure. 102 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Ideation • process of generating, developing, and communicating new ideas. Ideation comprises all stages of a thought cycle, from innovation, to development, to actualization • Problem solution : • • This is the most simple method of progress, where someone has found a problem and as a result, solves it. Derivative idea : • • This involves taking something that already exists and changing it. Symbiotic idea : • • A symbiotic method of idea creation is when multiple ideas are combined, using different elements of each to make a whole. • Revolutionary idea : • A revolutionary idea breaks away from traditional thought and creates a brand new perspective. 103 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Serendipitous discovery: • solutions are ideas which have been coincidentally developed without the intention of the inventor. • Targeted innovation: • intensive research in order to have a distinct and almost expected resolution • Artistic innovation: Artistic innovation disregards the necessity for practicality and holds no constraints • • Philosophical idea: • The philosophical idea lives in the mind of the creator and can never be proven. • Computer-assisted discovery: 104 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Ideation • Method of generating , developing new ideas. Form of structured brainstorming. • Systematic sequence of actions. • • 1 Clearly defined event goals. ( why we are doing this? ) • 2 Measureable event objectives( what we will walk away with? ). • 3 Specific event inputs & outputs( document deliverables) • 4 Standard process actions, inputs, outputs are adaptable different changing goals. . • Best mehod is to ask questions? 105 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Design an egg container How big the container Be. . ? • What container shapes are good at absorbing impact? • How fast will the contained be travelling at impact? • What other technologies are desined to minimize impact. ? • 106 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

107 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

108 6/4/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL