Design Engineering 1 332021 Design Engineering KTU Syllabus

Design Engineering 1 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Product centered and User Centered Design Product Centered Design – Lower manufacturing cost, time. . focused on the products it brings to market. Try to develop new products with existing skillset. Looks internally at the skillset but donot try to met what customer need. Function, Strength, Handling, Transport etc. User Centered Design – end users need are given maximum attention. Aesthetics, Style, Elegance Ergonomics User Friendliness 2 Safety, Reliability Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL 3/3/2021

Steps in product centered design • 1. Product conceptualisation • Product should be durable & cheap. Easy to handle No harmful chemicals Biodegradable. 2. Ease of handling, duaration , performance. 3. preperation of product model. 4. consideration of alternative manufacturing ways. 5. evaluvation of the product. • • 3 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

User Centered Design/ human centered design. User friendly approach. • Here designers want to forsee how users are likely to use aproduct. • • Design is based upon the explicit understanding on the users, tasks & environments. Users are involved throughout the development. • Process is iterative. • • The design address the whole user experience. • Design team includes multidisciplinary skills & perspectives. • Examples- Softwares, websites. 4 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Stages • Identify the specific Users. Identify the user goals, that leads to success of the product. • Design process. • Evaluation stage. • 5 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Ask Questions • Who is the target population. What are the user preferences. • What are the users experience levels. • What do the new users expect more. • What are the risk factors. ? • 6 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits of usercentered design • Customer Experience- If user experience poor technical support or good technical support • Impact will be different on the user. • • People love to share positive experiences. • Employee Productivity • Employee productivity with respect to a specific task or set of tasks is often based on the tools that employees use to perform job related tasks. 7 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits • Reduced training & support Reduced errors • Increased productivity. • Improved user acceptance • Enhanced reputation. • 8 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Phases of user centered design. • Identify need • Specify contest of use. Specify requirements. Produce design solutions. Evaluvate designs. System statisfies. • • 9 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Product centric approach • Sell products, sell to whoever will buy. • Transaction oriented. Highlights product features & advantages. • Product based profit centres, managers, sales & team. • Internally focoussed new product development. • Customer relations addressed my marketing department. • Performance is measured by profitability per product, market share. • Management criteria is portfolio of products. • 10 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Comparing UCD & PCD • Initial fuction of mobile phone ? Android. . ? • Google ? • Linux. . ? • Touch screen based on direct manipulation. • 11 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Relation between UCD & PCD • PCD focus on attributes like • Function , strength, handling. UCD focus on attributes like • Style, elegance aesthetics, ergonomics, safety reliability. . • Again questions can be used. . • Who is the consumer. • What is the purpose of this product to consumer. • What are his feelings while using the product. • Effect on consumers daily life. • 12 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Aesthetics is the human perception of beauty, including sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement – not just visual appeal. • Aesthetics have relation to art & Design. • • Aesthetics is the aspect of design and technology which most closely relates to art and design, and issues of colour, shape, texture, contrast, form, balance, cultural references and emotional response are common to both areas. Eg: Smart phone. • Some qns arise. . • Latest trend, stylish, link with past phones, risk…. • 13 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Product Styling and Elegance • Here the form is the focus in the design. • The same function can be met through different forms • Some countries are well known for stylish designs. • It has more to do with art than engineering. • Product of personal use need styling and elegance. • Automobiles, Watches, Mobiles, etc. • Industrial designers, architects do styling design. 14 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Product Styling and Elegance • Elegance is not about styling. • It is about the ability of the design to stand out among its competitors. • While styling counts, many subtle features of the design contributes to its elegance. 15 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Elements of Aesthetics/ Five senses. • Vision Hearing • Touch • Taste • Smell • 18 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Common questions ? • How fashionable it is ? Whether it is a novelty or an old favorite ? • Whether it is a symbol of wealth or love ? • How much danger or risk is involved ? • 19 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Four different pleasure types • 1. Physio- pleasure- touch smell, sensual pleasure. • Smoothness of a product. • 2. Socio – Pleasure – pleasure gained from interacting with others. • Party wears. . . • 3. Phycho pleasure- satisfaction felt when a task is successfully completed. • 20 4. Ideo pleasure- derived from entities such as books, art & music. 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Visual Aesthetics • 21 Perception of beauty or taste that is motivated by sight. 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Ergonomics Some times named - Human factors engineering. This area is concerned with human well being while using the design. Examples are many in this area. Driving cars, Using Laptops, Operating Machines etc. 22 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Value Engineering • • • 24 Study of functions to satisfy user needs through design & creativity. Is defined as true cost of product. Value = performance or worth /cost. Concept originated in World war 2. as a result of value engineering product enhanced, cost diminished. 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Phases • Orientation: problem refined here. • Information : identify the scope. Functional Analysis: identify most beneficial areas Creativity Evaluation Development Presentation. Implementation. • • • 25 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits • Reduce costs. Improves quality management. & efficiency. • Cut down labour cost. • Customer satisfaction. • standardise product parts & components. • 26 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Value Engineering • Developed by Lawrence Miles who worked for General Electric company USA. In world war 2. • Because of war there were shortages of materials & certain finished products. • Further expansion was needed to expand production. The idea is • When a product is in shortage necessary to find the replacement material which performed the same function. • This idea spread across the world. • In 20 th century European countries adopted (strategic programme for innovation & technology. ) value engineering. • 28 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Implementation • • • 29 Lawrence Miles value engineering was a six step procedure. ( Value analysis job plan) & it depends. . . 1. Preperation. 2. Information. 3. Analysis. 4. Creation. 5. Evaluvation. 6. Development 7. Presentation. 8. Follow up. 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Basic Four steps • 1. Information Gathering- Function analysis is the important step. • Performance chara is determined. Ask questions like What does the object do? What must it do? What should it do? What could it do? What must it not do? 2 Alternative Generation- engineers ask • • What are the various alternative ways of meeting the requirements. • What else will perform the desired function? • 3. Evaluvation- Alternatives are assessed, & what is the cost. • 4. Presentation- best altenative will be chosen & presented to the client for final decision. • 30 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Reverse Engineering/ back engineering • Two types of engineering • 1. Forward engineering- moving from high level abstractions & logical decisions to physical implementation of a system • 2. Reverse engineering- The process of duplicating an existing part , subassembly, or product with out drawings , documentation or a computer model is known as reverse engineering. • The process of digitally capturing the physical entities of a component. • New car arrives in market- competitors will buy one & disassemble it to learn, how it will works. 31 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Reasons for Reverse Engineering • Original manufacturer no longer exists. • Original manufacturer no longer produces the product. • Original prodct design has been lost. • To refurbish the data is lost. • Some features of the product is lost. • Strengthening the good features of the product based on long term use. 32 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Process of reverse engineering • 1. Scanning-capture information that decribes all geometric features. . • 2 Point processing- involves importing the point cloud data, reduce noise in the data collected & reducing the number of points. • Allows to merge multiple screed data sets. • 3. Geometric model development- Generation of CAD models from point data 33 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Advantages • High precision when compared to manual measurements. Quick process time. • Better reproduction of parts. • Faster time to market. • 34 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Culture based design • The physical appearance of any product is the main factor for its success in the market which is highly influenced by the culture, multi-culture, architectural aspect of the context where it is widely used. • The devlopment of products in global companies is no longer restricted to a single location. • Globalisation is the reason. • Design changes culture & culture is shaped by it. 38 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Measures for culture based design • The interface & human interaction should support the user culture. • The form & shape should correspond to the culture & lifecycle which conforms to the appropriate aesthetics. • The form or shape should convey the humour, joy of that particular cultural setup. • Appropriate colour should be used • Flexibility & adptability of interaction should be related to the culture. 39 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Culture Based Design Globalisation has led to international co- operation among product manufatures. • Presently companies focus on flexible & adaptive design according to the local maret. • • Measures taken. • 1. the interface human interaction should support the user culture. 2. the form & sha`pe should correspond to the culture & lifecycle should correspond to aesthetics. 3. the form or shape should convey humour or joy of that particular cultural setup. 4 appropriate colours should be used to evoke desirable feelings. 5. flexibility & adaptability of interaction should be related to culture. • • • 40 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Culture based design • Culture as an influence. • Incorporate culture into design process. Charas of culture. 1. various cultures sees things in different ways. 2. in western culture products are identified by splitting into component parts. 3. Asian culture importance is given to the connections of the component parts. Culture indicates the way of doing things. • • • 41 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Material culture: ( physical): it includes food, ornaments, furniture , garments… Behavioral culture: ( social): human relationships, social organisations. • Ideal Culture: ( Spiritual): it includes art & religion. • • Four zones in india • South , north, east , west. Same product appear in different forms. • Eg: furniture, crockery. . • 42 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Architecture in Building design • Satisfy client needs To offer comfort & fitness. • To make profit. • To conserve energy. • To provide client needs. • 43 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Architectural Design • 44 Arrangement of physical elements of a product to carry out its required functions. 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Motifs in design • Introduced by Mughal empire in 17 th century. Are logo, theme, pattern design or shape. • Motif may be repeated, or some time occur once in a work. • Are repeated features forming a pattern • Apple products shape. . . • Round edges. . • 45 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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Role of colours in design • Blue is calm • Yellow is happy. Communicate mood. Red as alert. Green shows relation between man & nature. Green as start & go. Green dot on food packet shows vegetarian. • • • 47 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Colour is used as a fashion. Colour is used as identity • Rajagiri official colour is Wine red. • 48 3/3/2021 Design Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL