DESCRIO E ANLISE MORFOSSINTTICA DO INGLS Prof John

DESCRIÇÃO E ANÁLISE MORFOSSINTÁTICA DO INGLÊS Prof John Corbett USP-CAPES International Fellow

REVIEWING THE ‘RANK SCALE’ Sentence Constituents: Sentence: Main clause(s) plus possible subordinate clauses. Clause: (SPOCA) Subject/Predicator/Object/Complement/Adverbial Phrase: (x M H) Noun Phrase/Verb Phrase/Prepositional Phrase, etc. Word: Noun/Verb/Adjective/Preposition, etc. Morpheme: prefixes, roots and suffixes

PHRASE STRUCTURE Phrase Constituents: Phrase (x M H) = Noun Phrase/Verb Phrase/Prepositional Phrase, etc. M, H can be words or phrases.

EMBEDDED PHRASES Prepositional phrases can be embedded in Noun Phrases: Compare: The workman put the chair in the corner. The chair in the corner is broken. Where did the workman put the chair? In the corner. *Where is the chair broken? *In the corner. Which chair is broken? The chair in the corner.

EMBEDDED PHRASES Prepositional phrases can be embedded in Noun Phrases: Compare: The workman put the chair in the corner. The chair in the corner is broken. O M H The workman put (the chair) NP d N A x M H ( in the corner). PP pr d N O = Object A = Adverbial… we’ll be looking at these in more detail next week.

EMBEDDED PHRASES Prepositional phrases can be embedded in Noun Phrases: Compare: The workman put the chair in the corner. The chair in the corner is broken. S M H M x M H P C ( The chair ( in the corner)) is broken. NP d N PP pr d N S = Subject P = Predicator C = Complement … again, we’ll come back to these next week.

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES Noun Phrases can also be embedded in Noun Phrases: a fresh food shortage a terrible food shortage

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES Noun Phrases can also be embedded in Noun Phrases: a fresh food shortage = a shortage of fresh food/ a fresh shortage of food? a terrible food shortage = a shortage of terrible food/ a terrible shortage of food?

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES M M M H H ( a (fresh food) shortage ) food) NP d NP Aj M M N H ( a fresh food shortage ) NP d Aj N = fresh food (a shortage of fresh N = a fresh shortage (of food)

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES M M ( a M H (terrible food) shortage ) NP d NP Aj M H M N H ( a terrible food shortage) NP d Aj N = terrible food N = a terrible shortage

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES Advertisement for Glasgow Club: ‘obscene drinks promotion’

AMBIGUOUS EMBEDDED PHRASES ‘obscene drinks promotion’ M M H H ( (obscene drinks) promotion) NP NP Aj M N H ( obscene drinks promotion) NP Aj N = obscene drinks N = obscene promotion

EMBEDDED PHRASES Adjective Phrases in Noun Phrases M M M H (a grand, heroic gesture) NP d Aj M M Aj M H N H ( a (very heroic) gesture) NP d Aj. P Av Aj N

EMBEDDED PHRASES Noun Phrases in Apposition: When one NP defines another NP, show the second one as an embedded modifier. Scottish film-maker, Peter Mullan M H M (Scottish film-maker NP Aj N H (Peter Mullan)) NP N

EMBEDDED PHRASES Genitive Phrases: Genitives (NOUN+’s) are treated as embedded phrases, eg M M H H ( (the joiner’s) chisel) NP GP d M M N N H H ( (the firemen’s) union) NP GP d N N

EXPLAIN THE AMBIGUITY 1. We need more heroic gestures.

EXPLAIN THE AMBIGUITY 1 We need more heroic gestures. Either S H Se { MCl P [ (We) NP pn H O M M H (need) (more heroic gestures). ] } VP V NP d Aj N or S H P H Se { MCl [ (We) (need) NP pn VP V O M M H H ( (more heroic) gestures). ] } NP Aj. P Av Aj N

EXAMPLES: PPS AS MODIFIERS 2. At the bottom of the rainbow is a pot of gold.

EXAMPLES: PPS AS MODIFIERS 2. At the bottom of the rainbow is a pot of gold. Ax M H M x M Se { MCl [ (At the bottom PP pr d SM H (a pot N PH ( of the rainbow)) PP pr d M x H (of gold) ) ] } NP d N PP pr N H N (is) VP V

EXAMPLES: AJP AS MODIFIER 3. The badly injured climbers were taken to hospital.

EXAMPLES: AJP AS MODIFIER 3. The badly injured climbers were taken to hospital. S M M M Se { MCl [ (The NP d P M H (were taken) VP a V H H (badly injured) climbers) Aj. P Av A x Aj H (to hospital). ] } PP pr N N

REVIEW What kind of word is ‘although’? A. determiner B. conjunction C. pronoun D. adverb E. preposition

REVIEW What kind of word is ‘although’? A. determiner B. conjunction C. pronoun D. adverb E. preposition

REVIEW If you haven’t opened a current account, you are missing out on additional facilities. In the above sentence, ‘haven’t’ and ‘are’ are: A. main verbs B. primary auxiliary verbs C. modal auxiliary verbs D. phrasal verbs E. adverbs

REVIEW M H If you haven’t opened a current account, you are missing out on additional facilities. In the above sentence, ‘haven’t’ and ‘are’ are: A. main verbs B. primary auxiliary verbs C. modal auxiliary verbs D. phrasal verbs E. adverbs

If you haven’t opened a current account, you are missing out on additional facilities. PP (pr Aj N) In the above sentence, ‘on additional facilities’ is a(n): A. NP B. VP C. Aj. P D. Av. P E. PP

REVIEW Make yourself a nice cup of tea and settle into your favourite sofa. The above sentence contains an example of a(n): A. PP as modifier in a NP B. Aj. P as modifier in a NP C. Av. P as modifier in a NP D. Av P as modifier in an Aj. P E. NP as modifier in an Aj. P

REVIEW M M H M Make yourself (a nice cup of tea) and settle into your favourite sofa. The above sentence contains an example of a(n): A. PP as modifier in a NP B. Aj. P as modifier in a NP C. Av. P as modifier in a NP D. Av P as modifier in an Aj. P E. NP as modifier in an Aj. P

Next week’s lecture: Clause structure (SPOCA) Don’t forget to do the moodle quiz!