Describing Matter Properties of matter n Chemistry The

Describing Matter

Properties of matter n Chemistry The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Properties of Matter n Substance A single kind of matter that is pure having a specific makeup or composition and a specific set of properties

Properties of Matter Every form of matter has two kinds of properties, physical properties and chemical properties

Properties of Matter Physical Property Characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance Examples Water, Ice, and steam Hardness Texture Color n

Properties of Matter Chemical Property A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances Examples Flammability Rust Baking n

Elements n Element A pure substance that can not be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

Elements ARE the simplest substances.

Elements n n Atom A basic particle from which all elements are made Atoms are different for each element

Elements n Chemical Bond When atoms combine, this is the force of attraction between two or more atoms. Atoms combine to form larger particles called molecules

Compounds Compound A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined IN A SET RATIO Water H 2 O Hydrogen = 2 Oxygen = +1 Total = 3 n

Compounds Chemical Formula Shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of the atoms n Carbon dioxide CO 2 Ratio 1 Carbon to 2 Oxygen If there is no number a 1 is understood n Sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 Carbon 6 Oxygen 6 Hydrogen 12 n

Compounds n When elements are chemically combined they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements

Mixtures n Mixture Made of 2 or more substances– elements, compounds or both– that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined

Mixtures Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also , the parts of a mixture are not combined in a set ratio

Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture You can see the different parts n Examples-- sand soup salad

Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Are so evenly mixed that you can not see the different parts Examples Salt water sugar water A SOLUTION n

Separating…Compounds vs Mixtures Compounds are difficult to take apart n A Mixture is easy to separate Ways of separating mixtures 1. Magnetic attraction 2. Filtering 3. Distillation 4. Evaporation n