Describe what an adaptation is LAST LESSON Describe
Describe what an adaptation is LAST LESSON Describe what is meant by the term “electric current” LAST YEAR Explain what infertility means LAST WEEK Explain the advantages and disadvantages of recycling LAST TOPIC Challenge: Explain what reproduction is
Revision February 2022
Recall subject knowledge.
Explain the importance of reproduction Challenge: Suggest what would happen if organisms didn’t reproduce
Complete the table Organ Male or female? Function Testes Uterus Secretes fluid to make semen Sperm cells pass through this Fallopian tube Stores egg cells
Self assess Organ Male or female? Function Testes Male Produces sperm cells Uterus Female Where the foetus develops Glands Male Secretes fluid to make semen Sperm duct Male Sperm cells pass through this Fallopian tube Female Connects the ovaries to the uterus Ovary Female Stores egg cells
4 hormones involved: • FSH – causes an egg cell to mature • Oestrogen – repairs and thickens uterus lining • LH – stimulates the release of the egg • Progesterone – maintains the uterus lining The Menstrual Cycle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Cycle starts again The main events in the cycle are: 1) Menstruation – uterus lining breaks down, blood and cells are lost. 2) Proliferation – repair of the uterus lining. 3) Ovulation – release of an egg from the ovary – day 14
Where nutrients and waste are exchanged between mother and foetus The developing baby The womb – where the foetus develops Placenta 1 Connects the foetus to the placenta 5 Foetus 2 Umbilical Cord 6 Uterus Amniotic fluid 3 4 Cervix Protects the developing foetus 7 Vagina Where the baby will come out when born Keeps the foetus in place
Timeline of a foetus Week 3 -5 – Heart begins beating. Arms, legs, eyes, lips and nose start growing Week 7 – Internal organs start growing. Week 8 -12 – It has hands and feet, and moves around Week 13 -20 – It can swallow, and starts trying to breathe. It can feel pain. Week 20 -24 – It has hand footprints. Starts practicing breathing Week 25 -32 – Eyes open and close. It sleeps 90% of the time Weeks 33 -40 – Baby gets ready to be born. It turns upside down before it is born
Complete the table Organ Function Keeps the baby in place Vagina The womb – where the foetus develops Amniotic fluid The developing baby Placenta Connects the placenta to the foetus
Self assess Organ Function Cervix Keeps the baby in place Vagina Where the baby will come out when born Uterus The womb – where the foetus develops Amniotic fluid Protects the developing foetus Foetus The developing baby Placenta Where nutrients and waste are exchanged between mother and foetus Umbilical cord Connects the placenta to the foetus
Smoking when pregnant…
Drinking alcohol when pregnant…
Infertility in women Infertility is most commonly caused by problems with ovulation. This could mean never releasing an egg, or only in certain cycles. Ovulation problems can be a result of: • polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – underdeveloped egg sacs that can’t release an egg • thyroid problems – both an overactive thyroid gland an underactive thyroid gland can prevent ovulation • premature ovarian failure – where a woman's ovaries stop working before the age of 40 Infertility in men The most common cause of infertility in men is poor-quality semen, such as: • a lack of sperm – you may have a very low sperm count or no sperm at all • sperm that aren't moving properly – this will make it harder for sperm to swim to the egg • abnormal sperm – sperm can sometimes be an abnormal shape, making it harder for them to move and fertilise an egg Damage to the testicles can also cause infertility. This could be from infection, surgery, cancer or injury.
Answer the following questions: 1. Describe a physical issue and a long-term issue that can result from drinking alcohol when pregnant 2. Describe what polycystic ovary syndrome is 3. Explain what can cause low-quality semen in men.
Hormonal contraception • Last longer • Very effective if used correctly • Can also stop uncomfortable menstruation • Can be used alongside barrier methods • Can be invasive (e. g. implant needs to be inserted) • Side effects • Headaches • Mood swings • Weight gain • High blood pressure • Nausea • Can sometimes mask the symptoms of some health conditions Barrier methods • Easy to use • Don’t have to be taken in advance • Can be used alongside hormonal contraception, or each other • Condoms also protect against STI’s • Not reusable/don’t last long • Condoms can sometimes tear • People can have allergic reactions to spermicide or condoms.
Place three topic below in order – 1 being the topic you are most confident in, and 6 being the one you are least confident in. Reproductive systems (task 1) The menstrual cycle (task 2) Pregnancy (task 3) The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on a foetus (task ) Infertility (task 3) Contraception (task 3) Complete the 3 tasks for the topics you are least confident in.
1 Identify the organs found in the male and female reproductive systems. Describe the function of some of those organs. 3 Describe the milestones in the development of a foetus. Explain the function of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid. 5 Describe what is meant by infertility. Explain the main causes of infertility in both men and women. 2 Describe the main stages of the menstrual cycle. Identify the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and state their function. 4 Explain the dangers of drinking or smoking whilst pregnant. Include in your answers both physical, mental and behavioural effects. 6 Describe the two different types of contraception, with examples. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each. Challenge: Create a revision sheet/mind-map summarising the human reproduction topics from today.
Identify any areas you are still not confident on, and do some independent revision before the last lesson of the week.
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