Describe the evolution of the helmets Archaic Period

Describe the evolution of the helmets. Archaic Period 800 -500 B. C.

Greek Culture Revived � Dark Ages = 300 yrs � Lose the art of writing � No mention in other records (Egyptians) � Arhcaic Period � 800 -500 B. C. Greek Culture revived Writing, art, sculpture � Pregnancy of Western Culture

Hoplite Soldier – Athens v. Spartan

City States & Democracy � City-States � Two Groups: Free Men (families) Slaves (workers) � Citizen Groups � Citizens Athens = born in Politics, army, officials, jury � Metics Athens = not born in No property or politics � Slaves � No legal rights � Tyrants lead to Democracy � Rich landowners – strict laws � Solon the Reformer (594 B. C. ) Food for poor Citizens more involved Can’t be sold into slavery � 508 B. C. – Democracy introduced!

Sparta & Athens Emerge � Sparta � Warrior mentality Everyman must become soldier, from birth � Small population All citizens in army & vote � Daily Life Perioikoi – people under Spartan rule �Not citizens, but free to work and trade Helots – people who resisted, forced to work the land � Athens � � Warships Triremes Ryan Emrick

Trireme

Birth of Literacy � Alphabet Adapted Phoenician system � Easier to learn � All modern European alphabets developed from this � � Spoken Word Transformed Professional poets (bards), now can write down � Homer most famous bard � Homer – British Museum – Roman copy of Greek original – 1 st or 2 nd Century A. D. Iliad & Odyssey earliest Greek writing

Persian Empire Invasion � Persian Empire Largest in the world Threatening Greek city states � Horizon of Democracy � � Idea/concept of freedom and citizenship threatened at infancy Greeks understood importance – way of life � 1 st Persian Invasion King Darius I Battle of Marathon � 2 nd Persian Invasion King Xerxes Battle of Thermopylae & Salamis