Descent with Modification By STUDENT NAMES Classification of

Descent with Modification By STUDENT NAME(S)

Classification of Species Carolus Linnaeus – 1750’s developed the binominal nomenclature system of classification Latin: Genus species Fig. 1: Carlus Linnaeus (University of California Museum of Paleontology 1) Fig. 2: Classification of Animals (Corsi 20)

Classification of Species ➔ The binominal nomenclature system of classification is a “modern” system for classifying life. ➔ Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. ◆ Write in italics or underlined ◆ First word is capitalized (Genus) ◆ Second word is lower case (species) (University of California Museum of Paleontology 1)

Lamarck’s Hypothesis of Evolution ➔ “Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck was a French biologist and in 1809 he published his findings and hypothesis on evolution” (Corsi 291). ➔ He had two major principles: ◆ Use and disuse - that body parts that were used became stronger and those that were not used deteriorated ◆ Inheritance of acquired characteristics - an organism can pass modifications off to its offspring Fig 1: Lamarck’s Giraffe (Corsi 10)

Lamarck’s Giraffes ➔ Lamarck discussed how these animals were driven by an inner need to become “more complex”. ➔ This mechanism was later proven incorrect. ➔ Today, we know that traits acquired by use during life are not inherited in the way he proposed. ➔ While his hypothesis is incorrect, he did propose revolutionary ideas and give a testable explanation for change in species (Corsi 123). Fig 1: Lamarck’s Giraffe (Corsi 23)

Darwin’s Descent with Modification ➔ While Darwin never actually mentions the word evolution in his “Origin of Species”, he does discuss descent with modification - a term that encapsulates his views on life and its progression (Darwin 20). ➔ He thought that “the unity of life” was a result of a descent of all organisms from an ancestor. ➔ While each organism lived in their own specific habitat, they developed modifications and/or adaptations to help them fit into their environment and life. Fig 1: Darwin’s Descent with Modification (Darwin 120)

Darwin’s Theory | Adaptation Fig 1: Darwin’s Finches (Darwin 90) ➔ From his Voyage on the Beagle, Darwin observed many organisms that had enhanced their survival and reproduction characteristics for their specific environment. ➔ He noted that the adaptation to the environment and the origin of a new species were related. ➔ "Based on an ancestral form, these finches, from the Galapagos Islands, had diversified and gradually acclimated to their environment to form several new species” (Darwin 100).

Drug Resistant Bacteria Fig 1: Antibiotics Resistance (Corsi 9)

Bibliography Corsi, Pietro. The Age of Lamarck: Evolutionary Theories in France, 1790 -1830. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988. Print. Darwin, Charles, 1809 -1882. On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London : John Murray, 1859. Print. Understanding Evolution. 2019. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 22 August 2008 <http: //evolution. berkeley. edu/>.