Derivational morphology in L 2 Sharon ArmonLotem 445

Derivational morphology in L 2 Sharon Armon-Lotem 445

Bilingual Innovations (Word-internal code-switching) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. muzi [move + zuzi] (2; 6 - Walters) noce [no + roce] (2; 1 - Walters) Hi maflisha et ha-toilet (Savion 3; 1) Hi hekika oti (Savion 4; 0) *EFR: really? who are these? *YAR: the wolfim. (Yarden 3; 7) 6. I'm LAVing PANDELCAGEs. I'm making pancakes, (Danish-English adult, Petersen, 1988)

Kantone, K. F. 2005. Evidence against a Third Grammar: Codeswitching in Italian-German Bilingual Children. ISB 4: Proceedings of the 4 th International Symposium on Bilingualism, ed. James Cohen, Kara T. Mc. Alister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff Mac. Swan, 477 -496. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.

• • • “We have evidence for cases in which a suffix is added to a noun in order to agree with the determiner, as in (6 a), where the German word Krone is changed into crona, making it more similar to the Italian equivalent corona. We also find a German noun - Topf - with the suffix -ino, which is an Italian diminuitive, as reported in (6 b). In (6 c) a suffix is taken away in order to apply the phonological rules of the base language: the Italian word gusto appears without the suffix to make it sound more German. Note that a compound - fruitflavor - has been created using two items from two different languages. The example (6 d) contains the Italian word viola with the German comparative suffix -ren. In (6 e) the Italian word stem cas – is used with the German plural ending -en, creating houses, in (6 f) the same operation creates ice-creams” (Kantone, p. 491)

Ene, E. 2000. Romanian-English code-switching: A preliminary study. Arizona Working Papers in SALT (1) OVERHEADul e modul fundamental de a face bani. (overhead-the is way-the fundamental of to make money) The overhead is the fundamental way to make money. (2) Nici nu poate sii intre in CUBICLEul ei. (even not can-3 sg. to enter-3 sg. in cubicle-the her) Shehe can't even enter her cubicle. (3). . . cind se CHOKEgneste cineva. . when refl-3 sg. choke-3 sg. someone. . . when someone is choking (4) S-a. FLUFFgnit. Refl-3 sg. have 3 sg, fluff-3 sg. Past It's fluffy. /It became fluffy.

Portin, M. & K. Laine. 2001. Processing cost associated with inflectional morphology in bilingual speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4 (1), 2001, 55 -62 • Bilinguals are slower • Derived words yield shorter reaction time and fewer errors • Inflected words (with two inflections) yield longest reaction time and more errors

Lowie, Wander. (1998). The Acquisition of Interlanguage Morphology. A study into the role of morphology in the L 2 learner’s mental lexicon. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Doctoral Dissertation. • Suffixes that exhibited both formal and semantic similarity are acquired first (e. g. – deriving nouns: ity/ité) • Suffixes with semantic but not formal similarity are acquired next (e. g. – deriving adverbs: ly/ment) • Suffixes with formal but not semantic similarity are last (e. g. – false cognates ment - deriving nouns / ment – deriving adverbs). • More errors in identifying the syntactic category of derived words than in identifying the meaning.

Lardiere, D. 2006. Knowledge of Derivational Morphology in a Second Language Idiolect. Lardiere. Proceedings of the 8 th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2006), ed. Mary Grantham O’Brien, Christine Shea, and John Archibald, 72 -79. Mandarin-English (4) I tried to analysis what kind of a person M. is (5) when my father went bankruptcy (6) God try to give us his wisdom and happy

• Subjects: 10 NS and 1 Adult L 2. • Method: A multiple choice test with 20 real words and 20 nonce-words Real word Nonce word

The errors suggest both the incomplete acquisition of morphological mapping (i. e. , knowing which forms “go with” which features or categories) and performance error (e. g. , in lexical retrieval).

Petrush, R. A. 2008. Derivational Morphology in English-French Acquisition. Proceedings of the 9 th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2007), ed. Roumyana Slabakova et al. , 181 -187. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. English- French 1) Les Français sont très sexualités. ‘the French are very sexuality’ (2) En Tintin il y a beaucoup de stéréotypiques d’Amérique. ‘in Tintin there are many stereotypicals of America’ (3) Elle est la vraiment princesse. ‘she is the truly princess’

• Subjects: 23 2 nd semester French, 26 4 th semester, 19 6 th semester • Method: A grammaticality Judgment task Derived Base

• Learners are capable of identifying morphological mismatches • The ability to correctly reject ungrammatical sentences improves with proficiency level. • Base forms and derived forms are not treated differently in judging acceptability • Effects are clearer at higher levels • However, production errors are frequent among advanced learners (performance rather than a processing).