Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh Name Designation

Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh Name Designation Branch Institute Year/Semester Subject Sub code Topic Duration Subtopic Teaching aids Revised by : CH. R. S. SARMA : H. MIN. E. S : Mining engineering : Govt Polytechnic. Kothagudem : IV Semester : Metal Mining : MNG. 403 : Concepts of Metal mining and development of mineral deposits : 50 min. : Definitions crown and sill pillar : PPT, Photos, Animations : CH. R. S. SARMA 9 MNG 403. 3 1

Objectives On completion of this period, you would be able to • Define the terms related to metal mining. • Crown pillar • Sill pillar 9 MNG 403. 3 2

Recap • In the previous class we have discussed about • • Foot wall Hangingwall Raise Winze 9 MNG 403. 3 3

Crown Pillar crown Dip Pillar Upper level crown Pillar MNG 504. 17 9 MNG 403. 3 TO 19 Winze raise connection Lower level 4 4

Crown Pillar 9 MNG 403. 3 5

Sill Pillar Raise winze connection Upper level Ore bloc k Ore block Lowerlevel Stope drive Chutes 9 MNG 403. 3 6 6

Crown Pillar • CROWN PILLAR : A pillar left for support of upper level • SILL PILLAR : Apillar left for support of lower level 9 MNG 403. 3 7

Adit: Approach to hill side deposits Horizontal road way , sloping out wards driven from surface to reach the mineral Hill O r e Surface Adit 9 MNG 403. 3 8

Adit • Adit - A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for the working or de-watering of a mine. If driven through the hill or mountain to the surface on the opposite side, it would be a tunnel 9 MNG 403. 3 9

Collar • Collar - In a mine shaft, the first wood frame of the shaft; sometimes used in reference to the mouth or portal of the tunnel 9 MNG 403. 3 10

Drift • Drift - In mining, a drift is defined as a horizontal passageway that is excavated along a rich vein of ore. Hard rock mines usually use drifts to obtain the rich ore, though, some hard rock mines are open pit. 9 MNG 403. 3 11

Pocket and Tailing Pile • Pocket - In mining, a pocket is defined as a cavity filled with ore, or a rich deposit of precious metal. • Tailing Pile - Gravel, dirt, and rocks with no gold. Whatever is left behind from mining activity. Occasionally, a gold nugget can slip out of a mining classifier or piece of equipment and end up in the tailing pile, but in modern sluice boxes most of the gold 9 MNG 403. 3 12

Cross Cut • A level tunnel or road way, which leads from the shaft, or shaft level and passes through the Mineral body country rock in order to cut across the lode at an angle to the strike Cross cut 9 MNG 403. 3 13

Level Drive & Dip Drive Level drive Dip drive Mineral body 9 MNG 403. 3 14

Level Drive • A level drive road way driven in the body or vein, which follows the strike. 9 MNG 403. 3 15

LEVEL DRIVE • when the under ground road way is driven in the strike direction it is known as ‘level drive’ simply level 9 MNG 403. 3 16

Dip Drive • Dip drive- when the underground road way is driven in the dip direction, it is known as dip drive or simply ‘Dip’ 9 MNG 403. 3 17

Drive Or Drift • It is a horizontal tunnel parallel to strike of the lode or vein, • Can be located in the country rock either on the foot wall side of the lode (called foot wall drive ) or hang wall side of the lode ( called hang wall drive ) 9 MNG 403. 3 18

Staple Pit • Also called blind pit(shaft) • It is a vertical pit from one surface shaft Staple pit under ground working place or road to another under ground working place or road, but does not extend to the surface 9 MNG 403. 3 19

Inset • Means a landing platform in a shaft and includes an Pit top shaft Inset excavation there from between the top and the Pit bottom of the shaft 9 MNG 403. 3 20

Gallery Level gallery Dip gallery Coal seam 9 MNG 403. 3 21

Gallery • Under ground drivages in coal seam are termed as galleries • A road way driven in a coal seam called gallery • If it is driven along dip of the seam is called dip gallery or simply ‘Dip’ • A road way driven along the strike of the seam is called a level gallery or simply ‘level’ 9 MNG 403. 3 22

Heading • A gallery in the process of being driven is called a ‘heading’ • Blind heading : The end Face Heading of the gallery is called ‘blind heading’ ( non – Coal seam working end of the gallery or dead end of the heading ) 9 MNG 403. 3 23

Face • The moving front of any working place of the gallery or in bye end of any gallery, road way or drift is called ‘Face’ or • The place where the workers are legally permitted to work such moving end is known as ‘Face’ 9 MNG 403. 3 24

Summary We have discussed about • The various terms related to the methods of workings – 9 MNG 403. 3 25

Quiz 1. A level tunnel or road way, which leads from the shaft, or shaft level and passes through the country rock in order to cut across the lode at an angle to the strike a. Drive b. Cross cut c. Tunnel d. Dip 9 MNG 403. 3 26

Quiz 2. A gallery in the process of being driven is called a a. Face b. Inset c. Heading d. Dip 9 MNG 403. 3 27

Frequently Asked Questions Define the terms • Rest station • Mineral reserves • Tunnel • Stable • Staple pit • Inset • Drive /drift 9 MNG 403. 3 28