Departemen Teknik Industri Conceptual Framework of Industrial Engineering

Departemen Teknik Industri Conceptual Framework of Industrial Engineering oleh Senator Nur Bahagia

Departemen Teknik Industri Sasaran Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik yang terkait dengan: • • Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan dan profesi Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan keahlian Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 2

Departemen Teknik Industri Materi • Conceptual Framework of IE • Evolution & Development of IE Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 3

Departemen Teknik Industri Engineering Industrial Engineering Science Object : Natural System Artificial System Phenomena : Determistic Det. /Probabilistic Output : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Performance : Truth Benefit Validity : Absolute Relative Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Profession : Scientist Engineer Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Integrated System Prob/Uncertainty Value Added Efficiency Contextual Need/Problem Industrial Engineer 4

Departemen Teknik Industri Science Prime objective: increase knowledge of natural system Research (Scientific Method) • Formulate Hypothesis • Execute Experiment • Analyze Result • Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law (New Knowledge) • Publish the New Knowledge Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 5

Departemen Teknik Industri Basic Knowledge And Tool • Basic knowledge » Logic » Creativity • Tool » Analysis » Synthesis • Process » Scientific Research Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 6

Departemen Teknik Industri Engineering Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and develops usable devices, structure and processes for better human life Design Process Identification of Need Problem Definition Search Constraint Criteria Alternative Solution Analysis Decision Specification Communication Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 7

Departemen Teknik Industri Basic Knowledge And Tool • Basic knowledge » Mathematics » Natural Sciences • Tool » Analysis » Synthesis • Process » Applied Research » Design Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 8

Departemen Teknik Industri Basic Engineering Process Symptom/Need Problem (Incl. Outcome) Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation) Synthesis of Alt. Solution Decision ( Best Altv. ) Solution, System or Method Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 9

Departemen Teknik Industri Characteristic Of Engineer • Solve Problem • Analyze • Design System – Creativity – Analysis – Synthesis Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 10

Departemen Teknik Industri Engineering Function • Research • Development • Design • Production &Testing • Construction • Operation Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 11

Departemen Teknik Industri Engineering Era Early Era Modern : Before 1750 - After 1750 Knowledge : -Mathematics -Physics - Not Only Mathematics & Physics * Chemical * Molecular * Social Sciences Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System * Life System Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Abstract 12

Departemen Teknik Industri Early Engineering Era • Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC) • Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC) • Greek Engineering (500 BC) • Roman Engineering (320 BC) • Oriental Engineering • European Engineering Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 13

Departemen Teknik Industri Modern Engineering Era Big Five Engineering • • • Civil Mechanical Electrical Chemical Industrial Engineering Newer Engineering. Nuclear. Computer. Bioengineering. Environmental. Etc. Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 14

Departemen Teknik Industri Big 5 Disciplines • Military Engineering • Civil Engineering • Mechanical Engineering Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine • Electrical Engineering Mathematics + Physics Electrical Science Telegraph: Samuel Morse Carbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison • Chemical Engineering Mathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material • Industrial Engineering Mathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 15

Departemen Teknik Industri Why IE Was Born ? • As a Result of Industrial Revolution • Need for Technically Trained People Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage the Operations of Large Complex System • Need to Increase Productivity and Efficiency of Operation System Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 16

Departemen Teknik Industri Pioneers Of IE • Adam SMITH • Charles BABBAGE • Eli WHITNEY • Henry TOWNE • Frederick W TAYLOR • Frank B GILBERTH • Lillian GILBERTH Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 17

Departemen Teknik Industri Adam SMITH Wealth of Nations (1776) Specialization of Labor – Division of the task in pin making into 4 separate operations increased output by a factor of almost 5 – 10 worker could produce 48. 000 pins per day Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 18

Departemen Teknik Industri Charles BABBAGE On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832) – motion and time study – division of labor • Result of factory visit in England USA(early 1800) • Observed the manufacture of straight pins that: – involve 7 distinct operations – measured the cost and time of performing each operation Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children • Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods or reduce the operation time Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 19

Departemen Teknik Industri Henry TOWNE The Engineer As Economist (1886) Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 20

Departemen Teknik Industri Frederick Winslow TAYLOR (1856 -1915) • • • FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and Work at Midvale Steel Company 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management” 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management” Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 21

Departemen Teknik Industri Principle of Scientific Management 1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work, which replaces the old rule of thumb method 2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas previously he chose his own work methods and trained himself as best as he could 3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science which has been develop 4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the responsibility between management and the workmen. The management takes over all work for which they are better fitted than the workman. Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 22

Departemen Teknik Industri Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines Quality & Reliability Statistics Logic Mathematics Physics Operation Research Electrical Engineering Computer & Inf. Sci Control Theory Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Productivity Science Psychology and Sociology Military Engineering Industrial Engineering Early Industrial Engineering (Scientific Management) Early Management Philosophy Ergonomics Manufacturing Engineering Chemistry Chemical Engineering Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Economics Physiology 23

Departemen Teknik Industrial Engineering ? Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design, Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to Be Obtained From Such System Object Knowledge Skill Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Job 24

Departemen Teknik Industri Object Integrated System People/Man + Material + Equipment + Information + Energy Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 25

Departemen Teknik Industri Schematic Representation of Integrated System Environment Boundary Man Machine Input Out-put Mat Feed-back Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ : Interaction 26

Departemen Teknik Industri Types of Research Basic Research - Curiosity - Theory/Explanation - Neutral - Public Domain Discovery Applied Research - Need/Problem - Product/Service/Method - Purposive - Private Domain Invention Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 27

Departemen Teknik Industri Knowledge • Mathematics • Physics • Social Sciences Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 28

Departemen Teknik Industri Skill • Method of Engineering Analysis • Design Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 29

Departemen Teknik Industri Job • Design • Installation • Improvement Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 30

Departemen Teknik Industri Performance Efficiency Effective + Min Cost Objective Achievement/Actual Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 31

Departemen Teknik Industri Contextual 2+2=? Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 32

Departemen Teknik Industri What Design IE Do ? Integrated System Industrial System (Manufacturing System) Human Activity System Management Control System Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 33

Departemen Teknik Industri What Does IE Do ? Production Operations Management System * Product &Services * Information System * Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System * Facilities * Personnel * Work Methods & Standards * Production Planning & Control Corporate Services *Comprehensive Planning *Policies & Procedures * Performance Measurement * Analysis Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 34

Departemen Teknik Industri Evolution and Development of Industrial Engineering Dicipline Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 35

Departemen Teknik Industri Chronology Of Development In The Evolution Of IE Macro View Micro View Operation Research Industrial & System Engineering Industrial Engineering Scientific Management Interchangeable Time Part Accounting Studi 1494 1750 1890 Industrial Revolution Piece Work 1900 SQC Layout Net- Optimi- Autowork zation mation 1915 1929 1941 1958 World War I Depres sion World War II Space Age Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 1980 CIM 1990 2000 High Globalization Technology 36

Departemen Teknik Industri Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other Engineering and Scientific Disciplines Quality & Reliability Statistics Logic Mathematics Physics Operation Research Electrical Engineering Computer & Inf. Sci Control Theory Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Productivity Science Psychology and Sociology Military Engineering Industrial Engineering Early Industrial Engineering (Scientific Management) Early Management Philosophy Ergonomics Manufacturing Engineering Chemistry Chemical Engineering Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Economics Physiology 37

Departemen Teknik Industri IE Thought Scientific Management Man-Machine System End of 18 Century Adm & Behavior Management Science Systemic & Integrated Human and Organization Optimization and Modeling Integrated System End of 18 Century Beginning of 20 Century Mid of 20 Century Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 38

Departemen Teknik Industri Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri Obyek Keilmuan Kinerja Manufactur Man, Machine Material Inventory, PPC Quality Control Lay out, OR & Modeling QCD Company Labor, Facility Material Management Leadership Behavior Science ROI, IRR, ROE Industrial System Labor, Material Infrastructure Policy Quality Systemic Approach Welfare Work Station Komponen Man, Machine Material Ergonomy Eng. Economy Psychology Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ Productivity Efficiency 39

Departemen Teknik Industri Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950 – TOKOH-TOKOH: • • • Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management – ORGANISASI: • Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912), The Taylor Society (1915), Society of Industrial Engineers (1917). – KONSEP-KONSEP: • • • Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk produktivitas Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian kerja Principles of Scietific Management Human Factors: micro-motion economy Principle of Management Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 40

Departemen Teknik Industri Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970 • AIIE : American Institute of Industrial Engineers (1948) – BIDANG PERHATIAN: • • Teknik tata Cara Pengukuran Kerja Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Beaya, Anggaran Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan, analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan • Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan dan peremajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas, peralatan. – SARANA: • Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 41

Departemen Teknik Industri Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990 • AIIE menjadi IIE – BIDANG PERHATIAN: – Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, Industri Elektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas – Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara. – Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, Penelitian Operasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan, Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan. Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 42

Departemen Teknik Industri Perkembangan Sejak 1990 • TOPIK-TOPIK BARU: • • CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing DSS : Decision Support System JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi, Penelitian Operasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb. • Knowledge-based Management, dll. • TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG: • Ergonomi, dsb. • DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 43

Departemen Teknik Industri Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21 • SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI: • Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi • Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen • Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik – PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI: • Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal maya • Internet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance learning & services – KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN: • Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan, Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech, Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten. – PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN: • Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali Informasi Kurikulum Teknik Industri Senator Nur Bahagi@ 44