Dental Public Health Contemporary Practice for the Dental

Dental Public Health Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist Christine N. Nathe Image Power. Points Chapters 9 thru 12 Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -1. Healthy Smile Program Dental Screening Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -2. Operation Smile International Dental Hygiene Program Training Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -3. A dental hygienist meets with several administrators and health care workers during a planning meeting for school-based dental hygiene program. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -4. Prevention Program Planning Model Source: Fones, A. C. Mouth Hygiene, 3 d ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1927. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -5. Planning and Implementation Flowchart Source: Gluck, G. M. , and W. M. Morganstein. Jong s Community Dental Health, 4 th ed. St. Louis: Mosby. Yearbook, Inc. , 1998. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -6. Assessing Oral Health Needs and Developing Community Needs Source: Seven-Step Model for Assessing Oral Health Needs and Developing Community Plans. Guidelines for State and Territorial Oral Health Programs. July 1997. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -7. Example of an Operational Program Planning Paradigm (Continued) Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 9 -7. Example of an Operational Program Planning Paradigm. (continued) Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 10 -1. Ramjford Teeth Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

(Continued) Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 10 -2. National Oral Health Surveillance System (continued) Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 10 -2. National Oral Health Surveillance System (continued) Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -1. Multifactorial Nature of Disease Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -2. The proportion of adults with at least one site with loss of periodontal attachment of 2 mm or more, 4 mm or more, and 6 mm or more increases with age. Sources: Adapted from NCHS 1996; Burt and Eklund 1999. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -3. Although older adults have more periodontal attachment loss than younger adults, severe loss is seen among a small percentage of individuals at every age. Sources: Adapted from NCHS 1996; But and Eklund 1999. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -4. Males are more likely than females to have at least one tooth site with 6 mm or more of periodontal loss of attachment. Sources: Adapted from NCHS 1996; Burt and Eklund 1999. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -5. The percentage of adults with at least one tooth site with 6 mm or more of periodontal attachment loss is greater among persons of low socioeconomic status at all ages. Sources: Adapted from NCHS 1996; Burt and Eklund 1999. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -6. Complete tooth loss varies by race/ethnicity and poverty status: a higher percentage of poor and nonpoor non-Hispanic white adults (18 and older) have no teeth compared with non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. Source: NCHS 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -7. The percentage of people without any teeth has declined among adults over the past 20 years. Sources: NCHS 1975, 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -8. Dental caries is one of the most common diseases among 5 - to 17 -year-olds. Note: Data include decayed or filled primary and/or decayed, filled, or missing permanent teeth. Asthma, chronic bronchitis, and hay fever based on report of household respondent about the sampled 5 - to 17 -year-olds. Source: NCHS 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -9. Poor children aged 2 to 9 in each racial/ethnic group have a higher percentage of untreated decayed primary teeth than nonpoor children. Source: NCHS 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -10. A higher percentage of poor people than nonpoor have at least one untreated decayed tooth. Source: NCHS 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -11. Since 1971 -74, the average number of permanent teeth without decay or fillings has increased among 18 - to 54 -year-olds. Sources: NCHS 1975, 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -12. Tobacco-related oral lesions are more common in 12 - to 17 -year-olds who currently use spit tobacco. Source: Adapted from Tomar et al. 1997. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -13. Males have higher incidence rates of oral and pharyngeal cancers than females. Note: Age adjusted to the 1970 U. S. standard. Data are unavailable for Hispanic females. Sources: Adapted from Wingo et al. 1999; SEER Program, 1990 -96; Ries et al. 1999. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -14. A substantial percentage of the population, particularly among young adults, has experienced recurrent aphthous lesions (canker sores) in the past 12 months. Source: Adapted from NCHS 1996. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 11 -15. Cleft lip and deft palate are among the most common congenital malformations, and prevalence varies by race. Source: Schulman et al. 1993. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 12 -1. Research Process Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 12 -2. Research Design Source: Darby, M. L. , and D. M. Bowen. Research Methods for Oral Health Professionals: An Introduction. St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby, 1980. Christine Nathe Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist, 2 e Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.