Density In the solar system Density on Earth

Density on Earth Density of air 0. 0012 g/cm 3 (sea level at 15°

Density on Earth Igneous rocks Density of rocks 2. 2 -3. 3 g/cm 3

Density of Earth Average Density 5. 5 g/cm 3

Density of Earth Given the density of materials near Earth’s surface and the average

Inside Earth Geologists infer that Earth has layers with different densities due to the

Using these and other pieces of evidence, geologists have been able to create a

Inside Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Seismic waves from earthquakes passing through Earth

Comparison of Earth and Moon The mass and volume of Earth are much larger

Comparison of Earth and Moon What can we infer about the composition and internal

Mercury Average Density 5. 43 g/cm 3 Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie

Mercury vs. Ganymede What can we infer about the compositions of Mercury and Ganymede

Mercury Rock surrounding a large iron core Image courtesy of Windows to the Universe

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Density In the solar system

Density on Earth Density of air 0. 0012 g/cm 3 (sea level at 15° C) Density of water 1. 0 g/cm 3 Changes in temperature, humidity and salinity can change the density of water and air

Density on Earth Igneous rocks Density of rocks 2. 2 -3. 3 g/cm 3 Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks

Density of Earth Average Density 5. 5 g/cm 3

Density of Earth Given the density of materials near Earth’s surface and the average density of Earth, what can we infer about the composition of Earth’s interior?

Inside Earth Geologists infer that Earth has layers with different densities due to the way seismic waves from earthquakes bend as they pass through Earth’s interior.

Using these and other pieces of evidence, geologists have been able to create a model of Earth’s internal structure. Density g/cm 3 Inside Earth 15 10 5

Inside Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Seismic waves from earthquakes passing through Earth provide important information about the size and characteristics of each layer.

Comparison of Earth and Moon The mass and volume of Earth are much larger than the mass and volume of the Moon. What about density?

Comparison of Earth and Moon What can we infer about the composition and internal structure of the Moon based on its density compared to Moon What. Earth? about Average Density 3 3. 4 g/cm density? Earth Average Density 5. 5 g/cm 3

Mercury Average Density 5. 43 g/cm 3 Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington vs. Ganymede Average Density 1. 94 g/cm 3 Credit: NASA

Mercury vs. Ganymede What can we infer about the compositions of Mercury and Ganymede based on their densities? Average Density 5. 43 g/cm 3 Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington Average Density 1. 94 g/cm 3 Credit: NASA

Mercury Rock surrounding a large iron core Image courtesy of Windows to the Universe vs. Ganymede Icy shell surrounding a small rocky mantle and small metallic core Credit: NASA