DEMonstration of Earth observation Technologies in Routine DEM

DEMonstration of Earth observation Technologies in Routine DEM Te irrigation advisory services D E M E T E R Project co-funded by the European Commission EVG 1 -CT-2002 -00078 GIS and space-assisted irrigation management: a pre operational pilot application in Portugal as part of the DEMETER Project Antonio PERDIGÃO, A. JOCHUM, A. CALERA, P. OLIVEIRA, A. CHINITA, S. CHINITA, J. MAIA, J. M. RATO, L. BOTETA, L. PESSANHA

D E M E T E R Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), Universitat de València (Spain), Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial (Spain), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (Spain); Universitá degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" (Italy), Consorzio di Bonifica in Destra Sele (Italy), Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria (Italy), MESTOR SNC (Italy), Instituto de Meteorologia (Portugal), Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural e Hidráulica (Ministerio da Agricultura, do Desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas, Portugal), Associação de Beneficiarios do Caia (Portugal), Universidade Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal), Chiron Sistemas de Informação LDA (Portugal), Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg, France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Thessaly (Greece). DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

D E M E T E R Objectives To assess, develop, and demonstrate how Ø to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of IAS by incorporating EO techniques in daily operations; in daily operations Ø to make information easily available to IAS and farmers (end-users) by integrating IT in the information generation and distribution. Increase crop water productivity

DEMETER is user-driven Core Users ITAP. . . . Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial Dx. Sele……. . . . Consorzio di Bonifica Destra Sele ABCaia. . . . Associação de Beneficiários do Caia National Core Users DEMETER is policy-oriented MAPy. A. . . Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación INEA……. . . . Instituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria IDRHa…. . Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural e Hidráulica DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Pilot zones Barrax (Spain) Cereals Caia (Portugal) Destra Sele (Italy) Mixed crops, horticulture, olive trees Mixed crops, fruit trees DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Guadiana Water Basin Caia Water District Board

Albacete- España

Consorzio di Bonifica Destra del Fiume Sele. Italia Il Consorzio di Bonifica Destra Sele copre un estensione di 24. 000 ha (circa 15. 000 ha sono irrigati), con 5 distretti principali.

Velestino. Thessaly Greece

Veiga de Chaves- Portugal

more crops jobs per Water productivity drop Rural development Sustainable Agriculture DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Operational perspective Three key elements: Ø EO-products directly match existing IAS operations; Ø Operational image availability at required space-time resolution; Ø Personalized easy-to-use information distribution to end-users (farmers). DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Space and IT assisted Irrigation Advisory Service (e-SAIAS) DEMETER Earth Observation Module Information Technology Module Weather and climate information: rainfall (previous dates predictions), other data Kc Remote Sensing Advanced products Information Technology Field work Kc Agrometeorological stations ETo Crop Water Requirement (FAO procedure) Irrigation Advisory Service (Current situation) DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services End user (farmer)

Specification of DEMETER products PRODUCT LEVEL Basic Advanced PARAMETER Crop coefficient, Kc Kc (derived from NDVI) Kc (analytical approach) Kc Ground fractional cover Leaf area index (LAI) LAI Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically available radiation (f. APAR) f. APAR Accumulated (dry) biomass Irrigation performance indicators Water stress indicator (water index) Potential Canopy water content Evaporative fraction DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Real-time operations: recent example 2 June 2005 10: 54 GMT Landsat 5 overpass 13: 15 GMT image on Eurimage FTP server 15: 15 GMT image in IDR PC 17: 30 GMT basic products generated (Kc, ETc maps) 3 June 2005 distribution to users (IAS & farmers) DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Operational perspective Three key elements: Ø EO-products directly match existing IAS operations; Ø Operational image availability at required space-time resolution; Ø Personalized easy-to-use information distribution to end-users (farmers). DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

Space-time resolution Spatial Resolution 20 - 30 m sufficient to resolve plots of 10000 m 2 Temporal Resolution 4 - 6 days weekly irrigation scheduling cycles DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

EO virtual satellite constellation Satellite ASTER IRS-C IRS-D Landsat 5 Repeat cycle (days) 16 24 25 16 Image size 60 Km x 60 Km 142 Km x 142 Km 148 Km x 148 Km 185 Km x 185 Km Bands (number) Spatial resolution VIS (2) NIR (1) 15 m SWIR (6) 30 m TIR (5) 90 m VIS (2) NIR (1) 23 m SWIR (1) 70 m same as IRS-C VIS (3) NIR (1) SWIR (2) 30 m TIR (1) 60 m Landsat 7 16 Spot 1, 2, 3 26 Varies with latitude 60 Km x 60 Km VIS (2) NIR (1) 20 m Spot 4 26 Varies with latitude 60 Km x 60 Km VIS (2) NIR (1) SWIR (1) 20 m same as Landsat 5 full set of high-resolution satellites + inter-satellite cross-calibration procedure (Martínez and Calera, 2001)

Kc evolution of wheat and maize WHEAT initial development reprod. initial matura. development MAIZE reprod. maturation

Kc evolution for wheat & corn Processed Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 5 TM Images

Field Campaign on maize. Experimental results gfc Height LAI Biomass

gfc NDVI (g m -2 day-1) Field Campaign on maize. Experimental results CGR Kcb Día Juliano

Step 1: Kcb from NDVI Temporal evolution of Kcb and NDVI of maize during phenological cycle. NDVI from experimental campaign during growing season year 2001.

Operational perspective Three key elements: Ø EO-products directly match Operational image availability at required space-time resolution; existing IAS operations; Ø Ø Personalized easy-to-use information distribution to end-users (farmers). DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services

IT component 3 Modules EO data integration > in pilot zone GIS and > IAS input stream s Information-Decision. Interface > complementary data sources > display & visualization Information distribution s > general, public > personalized

Graphic tool Query tool Quality control tool Map information tool Statistics tool selected vectors Map: Image and Vector Histogram of the selected plot, date and variable Images of the selected intervale of time Time series graphic Alphanumeric table

Operational procedure Example Year: 2002 Pilot Zone: Barrax, Spain

Landsat 7 RGB 543 color composite date: 26/5/02

barley maize

1 K m Superpose rural cadaster over the image

60 m buffer to minimize the border effect

Cross NDVI information with Land Use Maps

Date: 26/5/02 NDVI map NDVIs Histogram RGB image

Date: 5/8/02 NDVIs NDVI map NDVIs Histogram RGB image

Summarizing 26/5/02 2/6/02 11/6/02 18/6/02 4/7/02 5/8/02

LANDSAT 7 RGB 543 26/5/02

Operational methodology to obtain Crop Water Requirements

Irrigation Zones (Water Management Units)

WMUs over NDVI layer NDVI map Kc map ETc map

NDVI map Kc map ETc map

NDVI map Kc map ETc map

NDVI map Kc map ETo map ETc map

NDVI map Kc map ETo map ETc map Mapa ETc

NDVI map Kc map Plot: 5003 C. W. Requirement: 7 mm ETo map ETc map Crop Water Requirements map (Users)

SIGAHC Data Network Land Irrigation Management Plots Land Use Status at Plot Level Yearly Water Balance District Water Flow Crop Water Requirement Crops

Land Use Map- Caia Irrigation Board

Geographic Information System Land Use map The aims of the development of the GIS system was to provide tools for optimization and management of the water facilities, promoting ecocompatible principles of Sustentability. At the same time, the District Water Board performed some developmenst in new managemet tools for monitoring, evaluting and manage the crops, soil, irrigation techonology and water delevery efciciency.

Channels and outlets Geographic Information System Hight density of outlets over the area of small propriety. GIS network analysis tools allows better managemet of water delivery over this area types. Water losses on the channels can be estimated using different Water level control and outlets flux.

Water Flow Control Irrigation Network Interactive map for selection and operation over the diferente elements of the irrigation network. Relative position of sensors and automatic elements. .

2003 Field Campaign 2004 Field Campaign

2003

2004

Caia Irrigation District Landsat Image True Color 05 May 2005 22 May 2005 Image processing: Instituto de Meteorologia

Green Fraction Cover Calculation

Conclusions • EO adds spatial dimension; • IT adds interaction with / participation of all users; • EO mature & directly matches FAO procedure; • EO virtual constellation solves time-space constraint; • pre-operational campaign shows feasibility of real-time operations; • BUT: operational image availability insufficient. DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services