Demonstration of Chronological AC Power Flow Automated Generation

Demonstration of Chronological AC Power Flow Automated Generation Tool (CPAGE) BHARAT VYAKARANAM, QUAN H. NGUYEN, TONY B. NGUYEN, NADER A. SAMAAN AND RENKE HUANG Pacific Northwest National Laboratory WECC PCDS - Production Cost Data Subcommittee meeting, May 25, 2020 February 14, 2022 1

Outline Ø C-PAGE inputs/outputs Ø AC Power flow convergence process Ø Demonstration Ø Use cases February 14, 2022 2

AC Power flow convergence process Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 • Prepare DC power flow cases using PCM results • DC to AC convergence process • Reactive power planning for voltage improvement 3

2028 -01 -01 2028 -01 -10 2028 -01 -19 2028 -01 -28 2028 -02 -06 2028 -02 -16 2028 -02 -25 2028 -03 -05 2028 -03 -14 2028 -03 -23 2028 -04 -02 2028 -04 -11 2028 -04 -20 2028 -04 -29 2028 -05 -08 2028 -05 -18 2028 -05 -27 2028 -06 -05 2028 -06 -14 2028 -06 -23 2028 -07 -03 2028 -07 -12 2028 -07 -21 2028 -07 -30 2028 -08 -09 2028 -08 -18 2028 -08 -27 2028 -09 -05 2028 -09 -14 2028 -09 -24 2028 -10 -03 2028 -10 -12 2028 -10 -21 2028 -10 -30 2028 -11 -09 2028 -11 -18 2028 -11 -27 2028 -12 -06 2028 -12 -15 2028 -12 -25 System Load [MW] WECC 2028 Anchor Data Set (ADS) 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Date February 14, 2022 4

Inputs/outputs PCM Simulation data Base power flow case Chronological AC Power Flow Automated Generation Tool (C-PAGE) Converged AC power flow cases in Power. World, PSS/E and PSLF formats. User Inputs February 14, 2022 5

PCM simulation output Generator Output System Load HVDC Output 6

User inputs Variable Vmax, PU Vmin, PU Nominal Voltage, k. V User input 1. 1 0. 9 110 Slack bus deviation tolerance, MW Starting case index Final case index Maximum iterations (#) 10 5681 4696 400 February 14, 2022 7

AC Power flow convergence process Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 • Prepare DC power flow cases using PCM results • DC to AC convergence process • Reactive power planning for voltage improvement 8

Power Flow Case Summary Before and After Achieving AC Convergence (Hour index: 6198 2028 -09 -15 06: 00) February 14, 2022 9

System Voltage (110 k. V and above) February 14, 2022 10

Power Flow Case Summary Before and After Achieving AC Convergence (Hour index: 4696 2028 -07 -14 16: 00) February 14, 2022 11

System Voltage (230 k. V and above) 1, 2 Voltage Magnitude [PU] 1, 1 1 0, 9 Bus Voltage Vmax Vmin 0, 8 February 14, 2022 12

160000 180000 140000 160000 120000 140000 100000 80000 60000 Day: Sep 15 Minimum Load: 83, 652 MW Maximum Load: 146, 360 MW Load [MW] System Load on Sep 15 and July 24 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour Day: July 24 Minimum Load: 94, 237 MW Maximum Load: 170, 775 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hour February 14, 2022 13

Benefits This tool automates the process of converting DC power flow from PCM results to an AC-converged power flow cases. This tool can create a power flow case in 5 -10 min. Tool saves the power flow case with the better voltage profile in formats such as. pwb of Power. World, . raw of PSS/E, and. epc of PSLF. Developed AC power flow cases can be used for dynamic simulations to show frequency response at different generation mixes for different contingencies. This capability is helpful for transmission planning studies at various system operating conditions. The developed tool and procedures are applicable to any large, interconnected systems such as WECC, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas. This work also facilitates interconnection of new renewable generation, helps achieve national renewable targets, and improves system reliability. February 14, 2022 14

Acknowledgements The work is supported by Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Electricity (OE) Advanced Grid Modeling (AGM) program. The project team especially thanks Dr. Ali Ghassemian from DOE-OE for his continuing support, help, and guidance. Special thanks to WECC staff , Nick Hatton and Kent Bolton for their technical support. B. Vyakaranam, Q. H. Nguyen, T. B. Nguyen, N. A. Samaan and R. Huang, "Automated Tool to Create Chronological AC Power Flow Cases for Large Interconnected Systems, " in IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, doi: 10. 1109/OAJPE. 2021. 3075659 Available at: https: //ieeexplore. ieee. org/stamp. jsp? tp=&arnumber=9416491 February 14, 2022 15

Thank you! Bharat Vyakaranam Bharat. GNVSR. Vyakaranam@pnnl. gov February 14, 2022 16