demokrasi catatan kuliah isu global kontemporer demokrasi ciri

demokrasi catatan kuliah isu global kontemporer

demokrasi • • • ciri? kelebihan? kekurangan? kapan perlu? kapan tidak perlu?

ciri demokrasi

kelebihan demokrasi

kekurangan demokrasi

mengapa perlu demokrasi

kapan tidak perlu demokrasi

demokrasi? • dari, oleh, untuk rakyat • siapa rakyat? – semua orang – sebagian besar orang (yang menjadi bagian kelompok mayoritas) – sebagian orang (yang memiliki akses) – sebagian kecil orang (di dalam atau dekat dengan lingkaran kekuasaan)

demokrasi a la David Held • “a form of government in which, in contradistinction to monarchies and aristocracies, the people rule… (and it) entails a state in which there is some form of political equality among the people”

demokrasi a la David Held • aid to decision-making process: means to legitimate the decisions of those voted into power • popular power: a form of life in which citizens are engaged in self-government and selfregulation

demokrasi a la Iris Marion Young • aggregative model: a competitive power-oriented process, fosters exclusion, results in weaker legitimacy • deliberative model: a collective problem solving process, fosters inclusion, results in higher legitimacy

demokrasi a la Held, Dahl, Linz, Stephan, Huntington, • procedural: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic mechanisms’ exist • substantive: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic values’ are exercised and met

demokrasi a la Arend Lijphart • majoritarian model: majority of the people • consensus model: as many people as possible

demokrasi a la Giovanni Sartori • absolute majority: a system of simple and pure majority rule • limited majority: a system of majority rule limited by minority rights

demokrasi/demokratisasi • mendorong kekerasan? • mendorong perdamaian?

demokratisasi & kekerasan • Jack Snyder: – predemocratic popular rivalries – elite persuasion • Lee, Lindstrom, Moore, Turan: – ties government’s hands, creates more space for popular uprising – ready for mobilisation • Przeworski: – weakness of the centre

demokratisasi & perdamaian • kebebasan, hak dasar, peaceful coexistence • menghindari penumpukan kekuasaan • memperluas arena power struggle antarkelompok • pengaturan mekanistis

serba-serbi demokrasi • • 550 konsep philosopher king dari, oleh, untuk rakyat trias politica check and balance partisipasi publik akuntabilitas, transparansi

serba-serbi demokrasi • jatuhnya diktator - extrication • waves (and reverses): 18281926, 19943 -1964, 1970 -? • consolidation: 2 turn over-test • tyranny of majority • hukum besi oligarki • trust • civil liberty - culture of peace