Demographic Transition Model Why is population increasing at

Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries?

Stage 1: Low Growth • High CBR and CDR but nearly the same •

Stage 2: High Growth • CDR plummets while CBR remains high – NIR is

Stage 3: Moderate Growth • CBR drops sharply, CDR is still dropping but not

Stage 4: Low Growth • CBR declines to a point that it equals the

Demographic Transition in England Fig. 2 -14: England was one of the first countries

Population Pyramids in U. S. Cities Fig. 2 -16: Population pyramids can vary greatly,

Rapid Growth in Cape Verde Fig. 2 -17: Cape Verde, which entered stage 2

Moderate Growth in Chile Fig. 2 -18: Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic

Low Growth in Denmark Fig. 2 -19: Denmark has been in stage 4 of

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Demographic Transition Model

Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries?

Stage 1: Low Growth • High CBR and CDR but nearly the same • Hunting and gathering • Around 8000 BC the world’s population began growing more rapidly – Agricultural Revolution • Most of human history has been spent at stage 1, but no country remains there today.

Stage 2: High Growth • CDR plummets while CBR remains high – NIR is high • 1750 -1800: Industrial Revolution (Europe and US) • 1950 s: Medical Revolution (Latin America, Asia and Africa)

Stage 3: Moderate Growth • CBR drops sharply, CDR is still dropping but not as rapidly – Population is still growing but not as rapidly • • Europe and North America: 1900 -1950 Asia and Latin America: recently Most African nations are still in stage 2 CBR drops because of changes in social customs – People chose to have fewer children • More confident that children will survive to adulthood • Economic changes, more urban

Stage 4: Low Growth • CBR declines to a point that it equals the CDR – zero population growth (ZPG) • Countries in stage 4 can be seen in the TFR map • Social customs can also explain stage 4 – More women in the workforce – Changes in lifestyle: birth control, increased income and leisure time • Negative Population Growth

Demographic Transition in England Fig. 2 -14: England was one of the first countries to experience rapid population growth in the mid-eighteenth century, when it entered stage 2 of the demographic transition.

Population Pyramids

Population Pyramids in U. S. Cities Fig. 2 -16: Population pyramids can vary greatly, with different fertility rates (Laredo vs. Honolulu), or among military bases (Unalaska), college towns (Lawrence), and retirement communities (Naples).

Rapid Growth in Cape Verde Fig. 2 -17: Cape Verde, which entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in about 1950, is experiencing rapid population growth. Its population history reflects the impacts of famines and out-migration.

Moderate Growth in Chile Fig. 2 -18: Chile entered stage 2 of the demographic transition in the 1930 s, and it entered stage 3 in the 1960 s.

Low Growth in Denmark Fig. 2 -19: Denmark has been in stage 4 of the demographic transition since the 1970 s, with little population growth since then. Its population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and few children.