Democratic Reform Activism Ch 10 Sec 1 GBs

Democratic Reform & Activism Ch. 10 Sec. 1

GB’s Government • Who Runs the government? 1. Monarch (King/Queen)- ruled the country 2. Parliament • House of Lords- inherited or appointed position until 1999 • House of Commons- elected by British people • Voting Restrictions • • • GB was NOT a true democracy Only 5% could vote Only men who owned property could vote Women could not vote Upper class males controlled the government

Reform Bill of 1832 • Middle class protest • Wealthy middle class- factory owners, bankers, and merchants • Protested for Parliament for suffrage • French Revolution frightened Parliament and they did not want a revolution to start in their country • Reform Bill of 1832 passes • Lowered property requirements so that wealthy middle-class men could vote • Modernized electoral districts so that industrial cities have more representation (London, Manchester, Liverpool)

Chartist Movement • People’s Charter of 1838 • Working class and other groups still denied right to vote • Proposal 1. Suffrage (right to vote) for ALL MEN 2. Voting should be secret (private) 3. End property requirements & pay Parliament members • Opened Parliament to more groups of people (not only wealthy) 4. Annual Parliament elections (DID NOT PASS) • 1884 almost all adult males had the right to vote

Victorian Age • Came into power during 1837 @ age 18 • Queen for nearly 64 yrs • British empire reached height of its wealth under her reign • Very popular • Switch to democracy • Kings before her exercised control over parliament • During 1800 s almost all power shifted to Parliament • Government ran by prime minister & cabinet

Women’s Suffrage • By 1890 NO country allowed women the right to vote • As men gained more suffrage, women demanded the same • Campaign/Resistance • Women began forming reform societies and protesting unfair laws/customs • Many felt that women voting was too radical and that women had no place in politics • WSPU- Women’s Social and Political Union • Militant organization • Draw attention to women’s suffrage • Led protests/hunger strikes to gain attention • Women did not gain the right to vote in GB/U. S. until after

France Struggles • Between 1871 -1914 France averaged a new government every year • Third Republic- established by National Assembly • Lasted over 60 yrs • Dreyfus Affair • Monarchists, aristocrats, clergy, & army leaders wanted to establish a monarchy • Anti-semitism (prejudice against Jews) played a role in the scandal • Captain Alfred Dreyfus- accused of selling military secrets to Germany • Sentenced to life in prison, but new evidence showed he had been framed because he was Jewish • After 4 years he was declared innocent

Rise of Zionism • Dreyfus affair showed European hatred towards the Jews • More severe cases in Eastern Europe • Russian allowed campaigns of violence against Jews • Starting in 1880 thousands of Jews left E. Europe • Most of them headed for the United States • Zionism • Jews had been exiled and persecuted throughout history • Campaigned for a homeland in Palestine • Took many years for Israel (Jewish state) to be established

Ch. 10 Sec. 2 Self-Rule for British Colonies

Colonization • 1800 British had colonies around the world • Asia and Africa were British outposts • Dominated control of trade with locals • No control over population v. Canada, Australia, & New Zealand v. European colonist dominated natives v. As GB industrialized/prospered, so did colonies

Struggle in Canada v. Original home for many Native Americans v. French were the first colonize Canada • Very good relationship with natives (trade, marriage, etc. ) v. Great Britain takes control in 1763 after winning the French & Indian War • French and British settle different regions of the country v. Differences in language/religion caused tension v. French- Roman Catholic v. British- protestant • Both groups wanted voice in Parliament • Parliament creates two new provinces v. Upper Canada (Ontario)- British v. Lower Canada (Quebec)- French

Dominion of Canada • Division of Upper/Lower Canada eases tension for a while • Middle class colonist begin to push for political/economical reforms • Late 1830 s • Rebellion broke out in both regions v. Lord Durham v. Reformer sent to Canada to investigate v. Solution: v. Upper & Lower Canada should be reunited as Province of Canada and immigration encouraged v. Colonists should be allowed to govern themselves • Mid 1800 s Canadians felt that they needed a central government to protect interests of citizens from the U. S. v 1867 v Dominion of Canada formed v Allowed to self govern, BUT still part of British Empire

Australia • Claimed by James Cook in 1770 for GB • Considered uninhabited v. Aborigines- native group—longest ongoing culture in the world v 1788 - Began colonizing with criminals (Penal Colony) • GB’s prisons were overcrowded • Could buy land settle once released • 1800 s settlers began arriving v. Biggest business- exporting sheep wool v 1851 Gold Rush v. Became independent in 1901

New Zealand • Claimed by James Cook- 1769 v. Maori v. Polynesian culture that settled in A. D. 800 • Land rights were recognized • 1814 - Missionaries attempted conversion to Christianity • Self Government • 1850 s were self governing with Parliamentary forms of gov. v 1893 - first nation to give full voting rights to women (WHITE WOMEN)

Ireland v 1100 s- Pope gives GB control of Ireland v. GBs laws limited rights of Catholics already living in Ireland • Became part of GB in 1801 • Catholic Emancipation Act 1829 - restored rights to Catholics v. Great Famine v. Peasants depended on potatoes as food source v 1845 -48 plant fungus ruined nearly all potatoes v. Approx. 1 million people died

Ireland v. Home Rule • Independent control from GB v. Feared by Protestants (minority) • 1914 - Southern Ireland granted Home Rule, BUT WWI postponed it • Rebellion/Division • Irish Republican Arm (IRA)- unofficial military group force seeking independence • Attacked British officials in Ireland v 1912 Ireland separated in Northern Ireland & South v 1949 Irish Free State declared independent

Questions • Pg. 319 (1 -2) • Pg. 321 (3, 4, 5)