DEMENTIA MEANING IT IS A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY

DEMENTIA

MEANING IT IS A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY AN IRREVERSIBLE ALTERATION IN BRAIN FUNCTION THAT RESULTS FROM DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION OF BRAIN TISSUE SUCH AS BLOOD CLOTS THAT BLOCK SMALL VESSELS IN THE BRAIN.

ETIOLOGY • SMALL FOCAL DEFICITS : Typically caused by series of small strokes. • CONTRIBUTING FACTORS : ü Advanced age ü Cerebral emboli or thrombosis ü Diabetes ü Heart disease ü High blood cholesterol level

CONTINU… ü Hypertension (leading to stroke) üTransient ischemic attacks

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS LASTING ONLY A FEW DAYS • CONFUSION • WANDERING OR GETTING LOST IN FAMILIAR PLACES • LEG OR ARM WEAKNESS • SLURRED SPEECH • PROBLEMS WITH RECENT MEMORY • INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS: LAUGHING, OR CRYING INAPPROPRIATELY • LOSS OF BLADDER OR BOWEL CONTROL

CONTINU… • • PROBLEM IN HANDLING MONEY DIFFICULTY FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS DEPRESSION DIZZINESS

DIAGNOSIS • • HISTORY COLLECTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION MSE COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT SCALE GLOBAL DETORIATTION SCALE MRI: SHOWS STRUCTURAL , VASCULAR, AND NEUROLOGIC CHANGES IN THE BRAIN

MANAGEMENT q CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY (CEA): SURGICAL PROCEDURE USED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF STROKE, BY CORRECTING STENOSIS (NARROWING) IN THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY OR INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY. q DRUG THERAPY: ASPIRIN

NURSING MANAGEMENT ü REDUCE UNNECESSARY STIMULATION ü MAKE ENVIRONMENT AS STABLE AS POSSIBLE ü AVOID CHANGING PATIENT’S ROOM AND MOVING FURNITURE OR POSSESSIONS ü MINIMIZE FACTORS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CONFUSION ü ORIENT TO PATIENT TO HIS SURROUNDINGS TO EASE HIS ANXIETY.

THANK YOU. . .