Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis p 32 How Are Organic

Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p. 32

How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building blocks (units) Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating subunits Monomers link together to form polymers.

Many small molecules One large molecule

Polymers: Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Polymers • The most important biological compounds are polymers • Poly means “many” • Monomers are a. MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS) b. AMINO ACIDS c. NUCLEOTIDES d. FATTY ACIDS

Polymers are: • made (DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) or broken down (HYDROLYSIS) over and over in living cells • Dehydration Synthesis = loss of water • a. k. a. Condensation • a. k. a. Polymerization

Background: – Often organic molecule contain functional groups containing carboxyl (COOH) or hydroxyl groups (OH) or both. – This is important because H and OH can be found hanging off monomers Monomer O H H Monomer

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis Water released What kind of bond is this?

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis

Polymer Monomer • Hydrolysis • Hydro = water & lysis = loosening • Water is added and breaks the covalent bonds of polymers • Requires hydrolytic enzymes 14

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis Monomers Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction H 2 O Polymer 19

Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis Monomers Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction H 2 O Polymer 20

Types of Polymers A. B. C. D. Proteins: Polymers of amino acids Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA): Polymers of nucleotides Carbohydrates: Polymers of monosaccharides Lipids: Polymers of fatty acids & glycerol Organic compounds are also known as MACROMOLECULES.

Organic Molecules: Preview Carbohydrates Composition: Function: H O C Energy/ Structure Lipids H O C Energy storage/ Structure/ Signalling Proteins Nucleic Acids H O C N (P , S) H O C N P Structure/ Catalysis Genetic code 22