DegreeDiplomaResearch Projects Conceptualization Methodology Conduct Report Writing Presentation

Degree/Diploma/Research Projects: Conceptualization, Methodology, Conduct, Report Writing & Presentation (Purpose, Literature Review, Objectives, Methodology, Chapterization, Sequencing, Formatting, Font Size/Style, Presentation etc. ) Prof. Sudhir K. Jain skjain 51@hotmail. com Adjunct Professor & Former Head Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi – 110016 (INDIA) 1

Topics to be Covered • Project: Research/Consultancy Project, Thesis, M. Tech. or M. Phil. Dissertation, or B. Tech. Project Ph. D. MBA • Purpose, Literature Review & Objectives • Research Methodology: Social Sciences/Technology • Techniques of Analysis – Statistical S/W Package – Experimental • Project Report Presentation • Presentation 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 2

Research Project 1/3 • Industry Project vs. Academic Project – Background – Literature Review • Research Project: Steps – Conceive the purpose of Research Project Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION – – – – (includes the following) Background Purpose Literature Review Objectives & Hypotheses Methodology Scope (Chapterization) Plan 12/11/2021 3

Research Project 2/3 • Chapters 2 to N-1 – Alignment with Objectives – First Paragraph (Introduction, Section Contents) – Section N. 1 – Sub-sections: N. 1. 1, N. 1. 2 etc. (e. g. , 2. 1. 1) – Concluding Remarks – References (A Continuous Process) 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 4

Research Project 3/3 • Last Chapter – Conclusion or Conclusions and Recommendations – N. 1 Conclusions – N. 2 Recommendations – N. 3 Significant Contributions – N. 4 Limitations of the Study – N. 5 Scope for Further Research 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 5

Research Project: Sequencing • Cover Page • Page: Similar to Cover Page (with more details like Roll No. ) • Page i: (Researcher’s Authentication) DECLARATION Page ii: PROJECT SPONSOR’S CERTIFICATE • Page iii: (Supervisor’s) CERTIFICATE • Page iv: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • ABSTRACT (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY) • Page v: CONTENTS • Next page: LIST OF TABLES • Next page: LIST OF EXHIBITS • Next page: LIST OF ANNEXURES (OR APPENDICES) • Next Page: ABBREVIATIONS • Page 1: Chapter 1 12/11/2021 6

Chapter 1 (In 14 font size & bold) INTRODUCTION (in 16 font size and in bold & caps) sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss sssssssssssssssss. Section 1. 1 presents the background of the present study. Section 1. 2 provides the main purpose of the study, and the corresponding Literature Review is presented in Section 1. 3. Based on this, the gaps in the literature are identified and the same are presented in Section 1. 4. The main objectives of the present study which emerge from the gaps in the literature are presented in Section 1. 5. . . 1. 1 Background 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 7

What is more important: Chapter No. or Chapter Title Chapter 1* INTRODUCTION** * In 14 font size & in bold (or 12 caps & bold) ** In 16 font size and in caps & bold 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 8

Research Problem Formulation • Research Objectives • Some description, then bullet points – To understand………. ? – To develop a model – To develop energy efficient solar cell – To develop theoretical framework – To study……. . – To analyze – To give policy recommendations? – To prepare a working model 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 9

Literature Review • • Chronological (Reverse chronological? ) Segmented and chronological Research Articles’ Review State the key findings of the past studies Analyze & Relate to ‘Purpose of Study’ Identify ‘Gaps in the Literature’ Tense • Don’t write in first person • Style: Jain (1974); (Jain & Saxena, 2004: p. 76); (Jain et al. , 2018) • Footnotes 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 10

Techniques of Analysis • Statistical S/W Package • Need for Statistical Analysis Or • Experiment-based – Methodology of the experiment – Equipment and fabrication details 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 11

Research Design • Data Requirement • Primary Data • Secondary Data • Primary Research vs Secondary Research? ? ? • Research based on primary data • Research based on secondary data • (Details of Experiment) 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 12

Other Aspects of Project • Research Project or Degree/Diploma Project – Writing – Sequencing – Common Mistakes (Grammar, language, …) • SME’s vs. SMEs; : vs. : - • Under stand, Turn over, Over take, More over, There after, Sector wise, out put, …… • Dos (& NOT Do’s) and Don’ts – Literature Review – Techniques of Analysis 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 13

Sampling • Random Sample • Stratified Sample • Systematic Sample • Stratified Random Sample • Systematic Random Sample • Stratified Systematic Random Sample • Judgment Sampling Method • Convenience Sampling Method 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 14

Questionnaire Design • • • Introductory Part (Researcher’s Communication) Part I: Basic information (about respondent) Part II: Research related questions Sequencing of questions Sensitive questions (method of asking) Types of questions – – Objective type Descriptive type (What, How …) What is your opinion on …? How do you train sales persons? • Expected time required to fill-in the questionnaire 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 15

Project Report Writing (1/2) • Language – – – – Grammar: Tense of the verb; singular vs. plural Punctuation Marks (: vs : - ; : vs ; ; “XYZ” vs “ XYZ “ SMEs vs SME’s (SMEs’) Dash (–) vs hyphen (-) Acronyms & Abbreviations (e. g. , viz. , , i. e. ) Units (Lakh or Lac; crore or million, …) Parentheses (); Curly brackets {}; Brackets [ ] • Sections & Sub-sections – 2. 1, 2. 1. 1 – Further subdivision [Numerals; (a); (i)] • Line Spacing (Single, Double, 1. 5) • Paragraph Size 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 16

Project Report Writing (2/2) • Paragraph Size • Table Numbering & Titles • Exhibit Numbering & Titles • Bibliography Style • Format – Font size & type/style – Consistency in Font 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 17

Project Report Presentation • Font size in a slide • Number of lines in a slide • Effects • Pop ups • Hyper links • 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 18

Some Common Mistakes • • • Sector wise Sector-wise Out put Output Under take Undertake Where as Whereas Turn over Turnover Left over Leftover More over Moreover Fore gone Foregone What ever Whatever Break through Breakthrough Foot ball Football Non violence Non-violence 19

Project Progress: Student vs Guide • Total Duration • Even Distribution of Time • Timely Reporting • Guidance on Research Methodology • Guidance on Data Collection • Guidance on Project Report Writing • Guidance on Bibliography Writing 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 20

PPT Making 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 21

Major Forms of Intellectual Property Rights – – – – Patents Industrial Designs Trademarks Copyrights Layout designs of ICs Trade Secrets Geographical indications 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 22

What is a Patent? • Right on First Disclosure of an Invention Purpose of Patents? • Knowledge Generation • Stimulation of Creativity • Technology Transfer 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 23

Some Popular US Patents Ø Calculator Ø Barbed Wire Ø Air Conditioning Ø Bicycle Ø Anesthesia Ø Billiard Ball Ø Artificial Limb Ø Bottle Cap Ø Automobile Ø Cable Car 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 24

How Can Academia Contribute to Industry • Manpower (B. E. /B. Tech. , M. Tech. , Ph. D. ) • Research publications • Consultancy • What else? • Commercially exploitable Patents? 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 25

Academia & Patents Present Scene: • Patent before publish • Patenting cost fully met by university • Objective of research: Publication Desired: • • Publish after patenting Share cost of patenting Objective of research: Patent Identify industry’s R&D needs 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 26

Some Examples • Safety pin Lockable safety pin • Bubble packaging material • Mosquito repellents • Water purifiers • Non-stick cooking pans • Grass cutters? • LEDs, Umbrellas • Cricket bats 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 27

Implications • Industry’s need is to produce goods that are needed by people or those goods that are needed to produce goods needed by people • Academia should also focus on industry’s R&D needs • Can we & should we do it ? ? ? • YES, if we think we are competent, have confidence & determination. 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 28

Conclusion Academia can: • Contribute to industry’s needs • R&D leadership (in WTO era) • Earn revenue for Institute/University • Earnings for self 12/11/2021 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain 29

Thank You