Definitions and Characteristics of Different Business Ecosystem Types

Definitions and Characteristics of Different Business Ecosystem Types, and Identification of Suitable Visualization Tools Maximilian Riemhofer, 08. February 2019, Bachelor Thesis - Kick-Out-Presentation Chair of Software Engineering for Business Information Systems (sebis) Faculty of Informatics Technische Universität München wwwmatthes. in. tum. de

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 2

Business Ecosystems - Motivation https: //sketchb 4. files. wordpress. com/2013/02/bmw-5 series-gran-turismo-concept-sketch-img_1. jpg https: //s-media-cacheak 0. pinimg. com/originals/05/73/b 3/057 3 b 3780 afbb 356256 fc 712 c 33701 a 1. jpg http: //www. tirestoo. com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/car-tires. png http: //www. clipartkid. com/images/397/microscope-drawingclipart-panda-free-clipart-images-J 24 M 4 k-clipart. jpg http: //fc 02. deviantart. net/fs 71/f/2013/ 340/4/3/untitled_by_taucf-d 6 wxzil. jpg https: //www. wolkdirekt. com/images/600/1156 92/verkehrsschild-betriebskennzeichnunghier-gilt-die-stvo. jpg Based on [1] – [5] 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 3

Business Ecosystems - Motivation https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thu mb/4/44/BMW. svg/1200 px-BMW. svg. png http: //dss. in. tum. de/templates/dsstem plate 3/images/TUM_Logo_extern_ot _RGB_neg_p. png http: //www. sz-ybbs. ac. at/~szybbs/typo 3 temp/_processed_/csm _Zizala_Logo_579 b 70 fd 9 f. jpg http: //logok. org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Bridgestonelogo-old. png https: //cdn. freebiesupply. com/logos/t humbs/2 x/bosch-logo. png http: //www. gamersglobal. de/sites/gamersglobal. de/files/news /teaser/14943/2000 px-Die_Bundesregierung_Logo. svg_. png Based on [1] – [5] 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 4

Business Ecosystems - Research Questions Business Ecosystems 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out Several definitions for business ecosystems RQ 1: Which definitions of business ecosystems already exist in literature, and what commonalities and differences can be identified? Different variations of business ecosystems RQ 2: What are specific types of business ecosystems in literature, and how can the be categorized? Business ecosystems and visual analytics RQ 3: What are existing modeling and visualization tools, and how well-suited are they for the identified types of business ecosystems? © sebis 5

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 6

Business Ecosystem Theory – Systematic Mapping Study Phase 1 Suitable Queries Phase 2 List with results for further refinement Querying Databases 1, 842 Title, abstract, keywords Duplicate elimination Read relevant results from Phase 1 Phase 3 Content Mapping Matrix and refined list with results 118 Backward Citations List with relevant results 118 + 18 = 136 382 Forward Citations 258 adapted from [6] - [9] 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 7

Business Ecosystem Theory – Content Mapping Matrix RQ 1 Record … RQ 1 BE Definition BE Roles BE Phases BE Types BE Visualization BE Application BE Example BE Central Topic … … … … X (X) X X Adner 2006 Basole. Et. Al 2015 X X Giesecke 2014 X X Iansiti. Levien 2004 X X X Moore 1996 X X X Rong. Shi 2014 X X X Sako 2018 X X (X) X X X X X Yang. Et. Al … RQ 3 RQ 2 (X) X … … … … … adapted from [6] - [9] 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 8

Business Ecosystem Theory – Category Distribution 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) © sebis 9

Business Ecosystem Theory – Working Definition Business Ecosystem Definitions Working Definition 29 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) © sebis 10

Business Ecosystem Theory – Working Definition § Network of different entities from multiple industries § Complex relationships between them § Different roles: leaders and followers § Evolution over time Business Ecosystem Extended Enterprise Core Business Key: Keystone Niche Player Adapted from [3] – [5] 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) © sebis 11

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 12

Business Ecosystem Variations – Types Platform Business Ecosystem Digital Business Ecosystem Start-Up Business Ecosystem Mobile/Internet Business Ecosystem Types Innovation Ecosystem Mobility Business Ecosystem 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) Family Spin-Off Business Ecosystem Customer-centric Business Ecosystem Software Ecosystem (SECO) Io. T Business Ecosystem © sebis 13

Business Ecosystem Variations – Structures Dominator Strategy Business Ecosystem Structures Established Center Keystone Strategies Networked Structure No Centralized Leadership 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) © sebis 14

Business Ecosystem Variations – Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Working Definition • • • Center Roles Core contributors Distribution channels Direct suppliers Business Ecosystem Types Differs for each types Business Ecosystem Structures Keystone(s) or Dominator Keystone(s)/Dominators and Niche Players. Specific Contributors vary depending on the core value. Evolution 171103 Matthes English Master Slide Deck (wide) Each structure represents one evolutionary phase © sebis 15

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 16

Business Ecosystem Visualization - Approach 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 17

Business Ecosystem Visualization - Approach Business Ecosystem: • Definitions • Types • Visualizations and Tools Additional Visualizations and Tools Visual Analytics: Categorization of Visualizations (Shneiderman [10]) 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out Existing BE Visualization Tools Visualizations used in the Literature Visuals used for BE Types Criteria for suitable visualization tools Recommendations of Visualizations and Visualization Tools © sebis 18

Business Ecosystem Visualization - Results Directed Network Node Network Tree Map Chord Diagram Sunburst Diagram 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out Hyperbolic Tree Matrix URLs of the images on slide 26 © sebis 19

Business Ecosystem Visualization - Results List Timeline Moore‘s Framework Venn Diagram Line Chart Connection Map Dot Map Bar Chart 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out Bubble Chart Scatter Plot URLs of the images on slide 26 © sebis 20

Business Ecosystem Visualization – Results vs. vs. URLs of the images on slide 26 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 21

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 22

Summary of Results Loosely coupled network Properties of a Business Ecosystem Different roles Evolution over time RQ 1 Different Business Ecosystem Types differ in core value RQ 2 Structures depict evolution RQ 3 Networks most suitable Visualizations of Business Ecosystems Additional information Some visuals fit better than others 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 23

Outline Business Ecosystems § Motivation § Research Questions Business Ecosystem Theory § Systematic Mapping Study § Working Definition Business Ecosystem Variations § Types § Structures § Types vs. Structures Business Ecosystem Visualization § Approach § Results Summary of Results Sources 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 24

Sources [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] https: //www. press. bmwgroup. com/global/article/detail/T 0194311 EN/bmw-group-recognises-suppliers-for-best-innovations. Accessed February 1, 2019. https: //www. focus. de/auto/news/autoabsatz/bmw-produktion-steht-still-ohne-diese-zehn-zulieferer-laeuft-kein-auto-vom-band_id_5890987. html. Accessed February 1, 2019. James F. Moore. The Death of Competition – Leadership & Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems. Harper Business, 1997. Marco Iansiti and Roy Levien. The Keystone Advantage – What the New Dynamics of Business Ecosystems Mean for Strategy, Innovation, and Sustainability. Harvard Business School Press, 2004. Ke Rong and Yongjiang Shi. Business Ecosystems: Constructs, Configurations, and the Nurturing Process. The Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. David Budgen, Mark Turner, Pearl Brereton, and Barbara Kitchenham. Using Mapping Studies in Software Engineering. Retrieved 14. 09. 2018 from www. ebse. org. uk. Kai Petersen, Robert Feldt, Shahid Mujtaba, and Michael Mattsson. Systematic map-ping studies in software engineering. In. EASE’ 08 Proceedings of the 12 th internationalconference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, pages 68– 77, 2008. Italy. Barbara Kitchenham, David Budgen, and O. Pearl Breretom. Using mapping studiesas the basis for further research - a participant-observer case study. Information and. Software Technology, 53(6): 638– 651, 2011. Jane Webster and Richard T. Watson. Analyzing the Past for Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2): xiii–xxiii, 2002. Ben Shneiderman. The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pages 336– 343. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 1996. Rahul C. Basole, Trustin Clear, Mengdie Hu, Harshit Mehrotra, and John Stasko. Understanding Interfirm Relationships in Business Ecosystems with Interactiv Visualizations. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(12): 2526– 2535, 2013. Rahul C. Basole, Arjun Srinivasan, Hyunwoo Park, and Shiv Patel. ecoxight: Discovery, Exploration, and Analysis of Business Ecosystems Using Interactive Visualization. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, 9(2), 2018. https: //ecosystem-explorer. in. tum. de/#/. Accessed February 1, 2019. 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 25

Sources - Visualizations 1 -dimensional visualizations: List: https: //image. flaticon. com/icons/svg/52/52928. svg 2 -dimensional visualizations: Connection Map: https: //cdn. slidemodel. com/wp-content/uploads/2074 -01 -worldmap-connections-16 x 9 -1. jpg Dot Map: http: //1. bp. blogspot. com/-_w. TSn. I 2 L 6 m. U/UA 8 ys 96 r 8 d. I/AAAAAIE/Am 2 JKz. Lz 6 EA/s 1600/DOT+DENSITY. gif Isarithmetic Map: http: //1. bp. blogspot. com/-CYK 7 W 35 h. Pr. I/Tlw. Ya. BY 4 TXI/AAAAAU/QJCIjt. QBOds/s 1600/isarithmic+map. png Multi-dimensional visualizations: Bar Chart: https: //www. tutorialspoint. com/r/images/barchart_months_revenue. png Bubble Chart: https: //docs. oracle. com/cd/E 57014_01/adf/tag-reference-dvt/images/chart/bubble. Chart. png Heat Map: http: //i. stack. imgur. com/S 9 gh. V. png Line Chart: https: //camo. githubusercontent. com/22 c 2 fafa 60804 cb 2 bc 3 f 60 ff 8 afe 6 d 5262 da 3 b 25/68747470733 a 2 f 2 f 73332 e 61 6 d 617 a 6 f 6 e 6177732 e 636 f 6 d 2 f 7 a 654 d 6972636 f 2 f 6769746875622 f 73776966742 d 6 c 696 e 6563686172742 f 30312 e 706 e 67 Scatter Plot : http: //betterevaluation. org/sites/default/files/Method. scatterplot 1. png Venn Diagram: http: //www. calendarprintabletemplates. com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Free-venn-diagram-template. png Network visualizations: Chord Diagram: http: //jrue. github. io/assets/images/exercise_images/chorddiagram. jpg Directional Network: http: //4. bp. blogspot. com/-f 96 Lgjd. GKsg/UUGIbx. Tkc-I/AAAAAJ 0/g. Sf. SNCZh. PIM/s 1600/force 10. png Matrix: https: //www. google. de/url? sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2 ah. UKEwj 4 pu. Tesjf. Ah. UFU 1 AKHVHu. Ap. EQj. Rx 6 BAg. BEAU&url=https%3 A%2 F%2 Fen. wikipedia. org%2 Fwiki%2 FAdjacency_matrix&psig=AOv. Vaw 3 c. QI_3 VTj. E 9 Ffxj 9 h 0 m. VQ_&ust=154738798893 1601 Node Network: https: //brettworks. files. wordpress. com/2011/12/network 3. jpeg Tube Map: http: //www. thepoke. co. uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhj. Wy. Q 7 CYAAGZs. P. jpg Temporal visualizations: Arc Diagram: http: //datavizproject. com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/DVP_1_100 -68. png Timeline: https: //images. template. net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Timeline-Infographic-Business-Sample-5. jpg Tree visualizations: Dendogram: https: //www. mathworks. com/help/examples/stats/win 64/Plot. Dendrogram. Example_01. png Hyperbolic Tree: http: //www. flong. com/storage/experience/bubba/hyptree. gif Sunburst Diagram: http: //datavizproject. com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/DVP-30. png Tree Map: https: //www. thinkoutsidetheslide. com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/treemap. png Last accessed January 14, 2019 190208 Riemhofer BA-Thesis-Kick-Out © sebis 26

Maximilian Riemhofer Technische Universität München Faculty of Informatics Chair of Software Engineering for Business Information Systems Boltzmannstraße 3 85748 Garching bei München Tel Fax +49. 89. 289. 17132 +49. 89. 289. 17136 maximilian. riemhofer@tum. de wwwmatthes. in. tum. de