Definition Pollution The introduction into the environment by

Definition: Pollution The introduction into the environment, by people, of substances or energy liable to cause harm to living creatures or ecological systems. SOURCE: CNN

Pollution How did pollution begin? • More sophisticated lifestyles • Growing needs of people. • Accelerated rates of human and economic activities.

Pollution Air Water Noise Pollution: production of unwanted sounds that are annoying, distracting or damaging to one’s hearing. Land

Air Pollution

What is air pollution? • contamination of the air by noxious gases and minute particles of solid and liquid matter (particulates) in concentrations that have undesirable effect on living being.

Modernization and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years. Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air pollution. The following industries are among those that emit a great deal of pollutants into the air: thermal power plants, cement, steel, refineries, petro-chemicals, and mines.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POLLUTANT 1. PRIMARY POLLUTAN • Those emitted directly into air 2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT • produced through reactions between primary pollutants and natural atmospheric compound

Pollutants of air : Particulate pollutants - are solids or liquids with size < 100 microns that remain suspended in the atmosphere. Dust Fumes Smoke Mist Fog Bacteria Gaseous - Toxic and poisonous e. g. CO, chlorine, NH 3, H 2 S, SO 2, NO 2, CO 2.

Major Pollutants Ozone Transient damage Permanent damage -accelerated aging of the lung Carbon monoxide - heart disease - lung diseases - central nervous system response to external stimuli (symptoms similar of flu) - Normal individual during strenuous work

Sources of Outside Air Pollution • Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes • Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur bones) • Insecticides • Herbicides • Everyday radioactive fallouts • Dust from fertilizers • Mining operations, Livestock feedlots • Festives like diwali

Sources of Indoor pollution • • • Efficient insulation Bacteria Molds and mildews Viruses animal dander and cat saliva plants house dust Mites Cockroaches pollen

Air Pollution: How Grievous? ?

Around 30 -40% of cases of asthma and 20 -30% of all respiratory diseases may be linked to air pollution

- increased acute respiratory diseases - lowered lung function in children - increased sickness rates; - increases in mortality

Effects on the environment • • Acid rain Ozone depletion Global warming In human populationrespiratory problems, allergies, strengthens lugs, and a risk for cancer

Acid rain • contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids • contaminate drinking water and vegetation • damage aquatic life • erode buildings • Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

*Howstuffworks. com

We’re pretty well off, don’t you think? UNO’s report on global pollution

Control of air pollution

Society Industries – Legislation – guidelines for siting of industries – emission standards for industries – development of pollution prevention technologies Vehicular pollution – stringent emission norms – cleaner fuel quality

And so…. . • "WHO would like to provide its 191 Member States with irrefutable evidence that air pollution causes disproportionately heavy burden of disease" Dr Michael Repacholi WHO Coordinator, Occupational and Environmental Health

Laws • Various laws has been established to curb the menace of air pollution - Policy statement for Abatement of Pollution, 1992. - National Conservation Strategy & Policy statement on environment & development, 1992. -Air (Prevention & control of pollution)Act, 1981 -Air (Prevention & control of pollution ) Act, 1981

Laws continued…. -The government is trying to remove the use of leaded petrol, a major cause of air pollution. - the industrial acts are implemented to control the harmful emission of gases. - the natural management team is is hardcore work to minimise the effect of various natural disaster like forest fire, volcanic erruption that are causes of airr pollution.

Strategies • Air Quality Management Plan – Development of new technology- electric cars, cleaner fuels, low nitrogen oxide boilers and water healers, zero polluting paints, less polluting BBQ lighter fluids • Use of natural gas • Carpooling • Follow the laws enacted

Recipe for Pollution Success! • Please do not carpool– the more cars on the roads, the better (who’d want to save gas and money anyway? ) • Do not have regular smog checks for your car • Message to factories: do not filter your smoke stacks- we love the sight of smoke billowing in the sky • Do not recycle! • Remember: this can be done anywhere. Pollution is not limited to where you live…. Whatever you do affects everything

What is noise pollution? Any unwanted sound that penetrates the environment is noise pollution. In general noise pollution refers to any noise irritating to one's ear which comes from an external source.

Sources of noise pollution • • • Street traffic Rail roads Airplanes Constructions Consumer products 9

Level of tolerance • Normal level of tolerance is 80 db. A. • Sound level below and above this is considered to be as noise pollution.

Effects of noise pollution • There about 25000 hair cells in our ear which create wave in our ear, responding to different levels of frequencies. • With increasing levels of sound the cells get destroyed decreasing our ability to hear the high frequency sound.

Be cautious from today • Irreversible hearing loss. • Blood pressure rise of 5 to 10 mm. Hg on 8 hrs of exposure to even 70 db of sound level. • Hearing loss begins at 80 - 90 db. A. 140 db. A is painful and 180 db. A can even kill a person. • Amplified rock music is 120 db. A. • Most of the electronic vehicles and motors are above 80 db. A level. • High noise levels may interfere with the natural cycles of animals, including feeding behavior, breeding rituals and migration paths .

Symptoms of occupational hearing loss • Feeling of fullness in the ear. • Sounds may seem muffled. • Cannot hear high frequency sounds. • Ringing in the ears while listening to the high frequency sounds. • Loud noise for a long period of time, or sudden burst of sound can cause occupational hearing loss. • Hearing that does not return after an acute noise injury is called a permanent threshold shift.

Actions taken and to be taken • There a variety of effective strategies for mitigating adverse sound levels • use of noise barriers. • limitation of vehicle speeds • alteration of roadway surface texture. • limitation of heavy duty vehicles • use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, innovative tire design and other

Legistation • Noise Regulation Rules under the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986. • Features • Industrial- 75 db • Commercial- 65 db • Residential zones- 55 db • Zones of silence • No public address system after 10: 00 pm and before 06: 00 am.

What can I do to make a difference? ? • • Persuade Taking the help of police. Observe car free day on 22 nd of September. Creating awareness about the ill effects of noise pollution. • Promising oneself not to be the part of pollution creator.

References: • • • www. edugreen. teri. res. in/explore/air http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Air_pollution www. controlairpollution. com Environmental studies by R. Rajgopalan www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/airpollution

THANK YOU • • Prakash Kumar Jha (29) Praveen Kumar (31) Ram Krushna Panda (35) Ranjan Mishra (36)