Definition of Semantics The study of the linguistic
- Slides: 16
Definition of Semantics “The study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences is called semantics. ” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.
Meaning Semantics Words Phrases Sentences Lexical Semantics Phrasal Semantics Sentential Semantics Pragmatics Discourse (Context) Pragmatics Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.
Basis for Understanding Speech “Learning a language includes learning the agreed-upon meanings of certain strings of sounds and learning how to combine these meaningful units into larger units that also convey meaning. ” “All speakers of a language share a basic vocabulary—the sounds and meanings of morphemes and words. ” (My emphasis. ) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.
Mental Lexicon Pronunciation Meaning (including Semantic Properties) Relationship to other words Grammatical category How to use it in sentences. Potential collocations and idioms Spelling
Examples of Semantic Properties/Features person, woman, doctor, boy, engineer, baby +human doe, lady, sister, mare, her +female girl, actress, woman, aunt, wife, widow +human, +female child, baby, puppy, kitten +animate, +young
Speech Errors Intended Utterance Actual Utterance (Error) bridge of the nose bridge of the neck when my gums bled when my tongues bled he came too late he came too early
Speech Errors Mary was young Mary was early lady with the dachshund lady with the Volkswagen a horse of another color a horse of another race he has to pay her alimony he has to pay her rent
Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) A. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are B. (a) are (b) are C. (a) are (b) are +male +human –human (animals) +count (countable) –count (non-count) +concrete –concrete (abstract)
Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) D. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are E. (a) are (b) are F. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are –animate (plants) trees flowers written documents writing instruments +movement done with body/ no equipment require equipment
Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) G. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are H. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are I. [(a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are +speech (use language) ways to use speech manners of speech opposites complementary pairs gradable +adjective] NP is not necessarily an N NP is an example of N
Relationships between Words (-nyms) Different words (Heteronym) Same? word (Polysemy) Homonyms (Homophones) Homographs Heteronyms
Chapter 5, Homework (p. 224, # 2) a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. bank kind sole drill / boring deed ruler can shop every + a a
Relationships between Words (Semantic) Synonyms Antonyms Hyponyms Metonyms Retronyms
Types of Antonyms Gradable Pairs more of A is less of B big/small hot/cold Complementary Pairs A = not B; B = not A alive/dead awake/asleep (Relative scale small elephant/big mouse) Relational Pairs If X = Y’s A, then Y = X’s B teacher/student give/receive
Proper Names Unique Little meaning beyond referral Definite Don’t usually take ‘the’ Aren’t usually pluralized Don’t usually take adjectives In writing, usually CAPITALIZED Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, pp. 185 -187.
Chapter 5, Homework (p. 207, # 8) Hints a. bare b. lead c. praise d. byte e. sight f. pairs g. plain h. karat i. mane j. frees
- Compare procedural semantics and declarative semantics.
- Types of meaning
- The study of the meaning of words
- Pragmatics vs semantics
- Linguistic determinism psychology definition
- Implicational universals examples
- Linguistic intergroup bias
- Belief perseverance ap psychology example
- Definition of linguistic determinism
- Linguistic relativity definition
- Linguistic repertoire example
- Whorf hypothesis
- Definition of linguistic determinism
- Principle of linguistic relativity
- Linguistic competence definition
- Dispersal hypothesis ap human geography
- 20 examples of hyponyms