Definition of Semantics The study of the linguistic

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Definition of Semantics “The study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and

Definition of Semantics “The study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences is called semantics. ” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.

Meaning Semantics Words Phrases Sentences Lexical Semantics Phrasal Semantics Sentential Semantics Pragmatics Discourse (Context)

Meaning Semantics Words Phrases Sentences Lexical Semantics Phrasal Semantics Sentential Semantics Pragmatics Discourse (Context) Pragmatics Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.

Basis for Understanding Speech “Learning a language includes learning the agreed-upon meanings of certain

Basis for Understanding Speech “Learning a language includes learning the agreed-upon meanings of certain strings of sounds and learning how to combine these meaningful units into larger units that also convey meaning. ” “All speakers of a language share a basic vocabulary—the sounds and meanings of morphemes and words. ” (My emphasis. ) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 173.

Mental Lexicon Pronunciation Meaning (including Semantic Properties) Relationship to other words Grammatical category How

Mental Lexicon Pronunciation Meaning (including Semantic Properties) Relationship to other words Grammatical category How to use it in sentences. Potential collocations and idioms Spelling

Examples of Semantic Properties/Features person, woman, doctor, boy, engineer, baby +human doe, lady, sister,

Examples of Semantic Properties/Features person, woman, doctor, boy, engineer, baby +human doe, lady, sister, mare, her +female girl, actress, woman, aunt, wife, widow +human, +female child, baby, puppy, kitten +animate, +young

Speech Errors Intended Utterance Actual Utterance (Error) bridge of the nose bridge of the

Speech Errors Intended Utterance Actual Utterance (Error) bridge of the nose bridge of the neck when my gums bled when my tongues bled he came too late he came too early

Speech Errors Mary was young Mary was early lady with the dachshund lady with

Speech Errors Mary was young Mary was early lady with the dachshund lady with the Volkswagen a horse of another color a horse of another race he has to pay her alimony he has to pay her rent

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) A. (a) and (b) are (a) are

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) A. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are B. (a) are (b) are C. (a) are (b) are +male +human –human (animals) +count (countable) –count (non-count) +concrete –concrete (abstract)

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) D. (a) and (b) are (a) are

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) D. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are E. (a) are (b) are F. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are –animate (plants) trees flowers written documents writing instruments +movement done with body/ no equipment require equipment

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) G. (a) and (b) are (a) are

Chapter 5 Homework (pp. 222 -223, #1) G. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are H. (a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are I. [(a) and (b) are (a) are (b) are +speech (use language) ways to use speech manners of speech opposites complementary pairs gradable +adjective] NP is not necessarily an N NP is an example of N

Relationships between Words (-nyms) Different words (Heteronym) Same? word (Polysemy) Homonyms (Homophones) Homographs Heteronyms

Relationships between Words (-nyms) Different words (Heteronym) Same? word (Polysemy) Homonyms (Homophones) Homographs Heteronyms

Chapter 5, Homework (p. 224, # 2) a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Chapter 5, Homework (p. 224, # 2) a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. bank kind sole drill / boring deed ruler can shop every + a a

Relationships between Words (Semantic) Synonyms Antonyms Hyponyms Metonyms Retronyms

Relationships between Words (Semantic) Synonyms Antonyms Hyponyms Metonyms Retronyms

Types of Antonyms Gradable Pairs more of A is less of B big/small hot/cold

Types of Antonyms Gradable Pairs more of A is less of B big/small hot/cold Complementary Pairs A = not B; B = not A alive/dead awake/asleep (Relative scale small elephant/big mouse) Relational Pairs If X = Y’s A, then Y = X’s B teacher/student give/receive

Proper Names Unique Little meaning beyond referral Definite Don’t usually take ‘the’ Aren’t usually

Proper Names Unique Little meaning beyond referral Definite Don’t usually take ‘the’ Aren’t usually pluralized Don’t usually take adjectives In writing, usually CAPITALIZED Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, pp. 185 -187.

Chapter 5, Homework (p. 207, # 8) Hints a. bare b. lead c. praise

Chapter 5, Homework (p. 207, # 8) Hints a. bare b. lead c. praise d. byte e. sight f. pairs g. plain h. karat i. mane j. frees