Definition of communicable and non communicable disease Group

� Definition of communicable and non communicable disease � Group of people at high risk to NCDs � Statistic to NCDs in worldwide and in Jordan � Four main type of NCDs � role of community health nurse in prevention and control the NCDs � Summary � Conclusion � Article � Reference

� At the end of our seminar, the students will be able to: � Identify the major difference between communicable and non communicable disease � Identify to statistic in worldwide and in Jordan to each type of NCDs � Identify how we can prevent and control each type of NCDs � Role of community health nurse in prevent and control

Communicable disease: A contagious disease that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly through indirect contact with inanimate objects such as drinking glasses, toys, o r bed clothing; and vectors such as flies , mosquitoes, or other insects capable of spreading the disease Non Communicable disease: Medical condition or diseases, are not passed from person to person(not contagious or transferable or infectious ). They are of long duration and generally slow progression.

Who is at risk to non communicable disease? üChildren, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors that contribute to non communicable diseases, whether from unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the effects of the harmful use of alcohol. ülow- and middle-income countries. üBefore the age of 70

Statistic of non communicable disease in worldwide

Global status report on morality rate to NCDS � - - --Today, non communicable diseases (NCDs), are responsible for more than 75% of deaths worldwide, (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year(WHO). --Almost three quarters of NCD deaths - 28 million - occur in low- and middle-income countries. -- Sixteen million NCD deaths occur before the age of 70; 82% of these "premature”. -- Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17. 5 million people annually, followed by cancers (8. 2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1. 5 million). -- These 4 groups of diseases account for 82% of all NCD deaths

Statistic of non communicable disease in Jordan

Cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart failure.

Global status report to cardiovascular disease üCVD are the leading cause of death in the world üIt cause more than half of all death across the worldwide. üIt responsible for over 17. 3 million death per year

Statistic of cardiovascular disease in worldwide:

Statistic of mortality rate to CVD in jordan

Prevention and control: v. Don't smoke. If you smoke, quit. Smoking greatly increases your risk for heart disease. Avoid secondhand smoke too. reduction in smoking prevalence could lead to 2000 fewer CHD deaths per year. v. Stress management because stress increase the incidence rate of CVD disease v. Control certain health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes vdecrease in cholesterol level could lead to a 2– 4% CHD mortality reduction v. Eat healthy food that have low fat, low salt and low cholesterol v. Do Exercise regularly v. Avoid alcohol abuse

cancer � Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells that arises from a change in one single cell. The change may be started by external agents and inherited genetic factors and can affect almost any part of the body. The transformation from a normal cell into a tumor cell is a multistage process where growths often invade surrounding tissue and can metastasize to distant sites.

Global status report to cancer üCancer is a leading cause for death üLung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer are the most common types of cancer in men übreast, colorectal, lung, uterine cervix, and stomach cancer are the most common among women üoverall, the incidence of cancer is higher in men than in women üalthough cancer affect people of all ages, most cancer occur in people older than 65 years of age.

Global status report to cancer üMore than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by modifying or avoiding key risk factors, especially tobacco use. üEarly detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment, including pain relief and palliative care, help increase cancer survival rates and reduce suffering. üTreatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. üComprehensive cancer control plans are needed to improve cancer prevention and care, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.

report to cancer in joran üCancer is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in Jordan. üMost common type of cancer in Jordan is breast cancer (36%). üBoth cancer incidence and prevalence have been increasing in the last few years in Jordan üThe main cause of cancer in Jordan is unhealthy diet and tobacco use. üthe Ministry of Health evolving suitable policies to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate to cancer in Jordan. üDo many program in Jordan related to screening and treatment of cancer like the Jordan Breast Cancer Program.

Causes of cancer tobacco use v unhealthy diet v insufficient physical activity v the harmful use of alcohol v Infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C (liver cancer), human papillomavirus (HPV; cervical cancer), Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer) v Radiation v variety of environmental and occupational exposures of varying importance v

Prevention and control: � Avoid alcohol abuse � Eat healthy food � Do exercise regularly � stop smoking � Avoid exposure to radiation

definition Is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms.

Risk factor: Ø Cigarette smoking. Ø Long-term exposure to other lung irritants. Ø Some people who have asthma can develop COPD

Prevention: 1. Avoid lung irritants 2. Get ongoing care 3. Manage the disease and its symptoms 4. Prepare for emergencies 5 - Do activities slowly.

Diabetes mellitus • Occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia).

Type of DM: • Type 1: (previously known as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset diabetes) is characterized by a lack of insulin production. • Type 2: (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes) is caused by the body’s ineffective use of insulin. It often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity.

Risk factor: 1 -People who are obese. 2 -Dietary factors such as low vitamin D consumption. 3 - Family history.

prevention: 1. Healthy lifestyle. 2. Eat healthy foods. 3. Get physical activity. 4. Lose excess pounds.

Prevalence of diabetes in Jordan :

Prevalence of diabetes in worldwide:

Article: � Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to � blood sugar control

Role of community health nurse � Recognize who at risk � provision of services such as screening to early detection and good control � act as health educators and advisors to this group � community empowerment � linking communities with health facilities by act as an interface between the community and the public health system � Promoting a healthy life style during regular interactions with the community. � Organizing camps/village health days on NCD

Summary : � Compare between communicable and non communicable disease � Statistic to NCD in worldwide and in Jordan � Risk group to NCD � Risk factor of NCD � Four main type to NCD � How we can prevent each type � Role of community nurse in prevent and control of NCD

Conclusion : � We must educate people about risk factors to NCD like unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, intake of Tobacco and Alcohol and Stress, essentiality of Iodine etc. � Advising patients to visit health care system regularly for early diagnosis and treatment.

� file: ///C: /Users/home/Downloads/Annual%2 0 Incidence%20 of%20 cancer%20 in%20 Jordan% 202010. pdf � World health organization � American cancer association � the Ministry of Health in Jordan