Deductive VS Inductive Reasoning DEDUCTIVE REASONING Aristotle Ancient
- Slides: 31
Deductive VS Inductive Reasoning
DEDUCTIVE REASONING Aristotle (Ancient Greek Philosopher) Start with a premise Premises lead to a certain conclusion
INDUCTIVE REASONING Sir Francis Bacon (17 th Century English Philosopher) Make repeated observations Generalize repeatedly observed phenomena
INDUCTIVE REASONING Sir Francis Bacon (17 th Century English Philosopher) Novum Organum (1620) (New Method)
vs
A willingness to challenge ancient authorities
GENERALIZATION INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE Bottom Up Top Down SPECIFIC INSTANCE
GENERALIZATION y n a m t a h t e t No e INDUCTIVE c n u o n e DEDUCTIVE ill d w s t r e p x e n a s i h t t u b n o i t SPECIFIC INSTANCE a c i f i l p m i ers Bottom Up Top Down
Conclusion s are drawn from PREMISES Start With DEDUCTIVE Some rights reserved by Kurt Raschke PREMISES
TOP DOWN LOGIC Some rights reserved by Kurt Raschke Start With PREMISES
Deductive Reasoning Premises Lead to a Certain Conclusion Premises Conclusion All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore,
Deductive Reasoning Premises Lead to a Certain Conclusion Premises What thinks must exist. I am thinking. Conclusion Therefore, I exist.
Deductive Reasoning Premises Lead to a Certain Conclusion Premises Conclusion Good students pass exams. Blake is a good student. Therefore,
Deductive Reasoning Premises Lead to a Certain Conclusion If the n o i s u l c con is 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. Therefore,
Deductive Reasoning Premises Lead to a Certain Conclusion k c e h c n The your S I M PRIf. Ethe n o S i s E u l c con is 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. Therefore,
Conclusions are drawn from several observations. INDUCTIVE Some rights reserved by Kurt Raschke Start With OBSERVATIONS
Start With OBSERVATIONS EMPIRICISM Some rights reserved by Kurt Raschke
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
CONNECT THE DOTS The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true.
The Problem of Induction David Hume “Skeptical Scotsman”
The sun always rises in the East… Photo by Thangaraj Kumarave
All swans are white. Photo by Dani Vázque
All of the swans I’ve seen are white. Photo by Dani Vázque
DIFFERING GOALS Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Certainty Probability
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD An ongoing process of induction and deduction. Graphic Credit: Archon. Magnus
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