Decoupling Fleet Management and Fleet Autonomy Martin Politick

Decoupling Fleet Management and Fleet Autonomy Martin Politick February 2019

Currently there are 2 approaches to vehicle autonomy Automotive industry: Each car is autonomous on its own and interacts with manned vehicles as peers. Does not require constant communication between all vehicles. NOT Commercially available. Mining industry: The whole fleet is autonomous and controlled centrally. Does not interacts with manned vehicles as peers. It requires a constant communication to all vehicles. Commercially Available. 2

What do I expect from Autonomy ? To replace the truck driver. 3

Normal. Market Mining. Pain IT Current FMS AHS FMS 4 DB

Autonomy Challengers ERP 5 FMS Haul DB ERP

Reality of the FMS connectivity 6 Manned Operation Migration Today Proposed Migration

Typical Production Data flow FMS 7

23725 Interoperability Standard aims at 3 levels of Autonomy integration in the dispatching office 8 ISO – 23725 - Office ISO – Manned vehicle 1 - Vehicle Awareness 1 - Peer-to-peer 2 - Pure FMS functions 2 - Auxiliary functions 3 - Autonomy integrated HMI 3 - Loading functions

Vehicle Awareness Vehicle DB POSE Manned vehicle Dispatching HMI Dispatch Optimization Production monitoring 1 - Peer-to-peer Truck Task HMI Traffic control In. Pit Requests 2 - Auxiliary functions Driving control 9 1 - Vehicle Awareness 3 - Loading functions

2 - Pure FMS functions Vehicle Awareness Dispatching HMI Dispatch Optimization Assignment + Routes Truck Task HMI Traffic control Driving control 10 Production monitoring Manned vehicle P d ro u io ct n In. Pit Requests 1 - Peer-to-peer 2 - Auxiliary functions 3 - Loading functions

3 - Integrated HMI Vehicle Awareness Dispatching HMI Autonomy Task & Bypass Truck Task HMI Assignment + Routes Truck Task HMI Dispatch Optimization Traffic control Driving control 11 Production monitoring Manned vehicle n io t uc alt h d o e Pr & H In. Pit Requests 1 - Peer-to-peer 2 - Auxiliary functions 3 - Loading functions

Main Benefits Keeping the FMS means Less risk and change management when implementing autonomy because the mine can keep the FMS component that is already commissioned and functional. Ability to upgrade or replace the FMS or Autonomy independently. Both systems could be certified independently by a 3 rd party. Also simplifying the blame game at site. Less project cost and maintenance cost because the interface is public (no NDAs required) and we are not re-inventing interfaces each time. 12

Boundaries that are out of scope of ISO 23725: In-Pit Boundary, … not so obvious… The following interfaces should be part of future ISO initiatives. 13

Reality is Messy Most autonomous mines have a segregated autonomous pit and a separate manned operated pit. All equipment types moves between the 2 depending on needs. All commercial autonomous trucks have an operator cabin where the truck can be operated manually. Autonomous trucks can be used in the manned pit if required or might be manned if sensors are broken. They need an HMI screen. Autonomous pits have manned: shovels, light vehicles and support equipment. Manned vehicles must be able to receive tasks from the FMS, track material and also interact with Autonomous trucks. LVs and support equipment will go in both pits. 14

FMS Screen to AHS Data flow AHS solutions are different AHS Brand specific 15 e Int e c rfa

In. Pit – Seperate Data flow No Interface 2 separate screens 16 Might be Cumbersome for the operator ?

AHS screen to FMS Data flow FMS Brand specific Interface 17 No standard + need to build all the FMS & HP functionality

Autonomy –to– Mechanical layer What does it mean to be an Autonomy ready truck ? My fleet is not homogeneous, How do I mix truck brands ? Pn. P 18