Decolonization in Africa and Latin America Latin America

Decolonization in Africa and Latin America

Latin America

�Decolonization in Latin America took place primarily for economic & cultural reasons, as new nations sought independence & economic self control

Search for Stability in Latin America �U. S. alienated Cubans and Puerto Ricans by controlling them like a colonial powers (after 1898 – SA War) �Resentment in L. A. increased from US intervention with Panama �Brazil & Argentina turn to: Authoritarianism Nationalized Industries

Mexican Turmoil �Mexican Revolution – 1910 Mexico ruled by a dictator (Diaz) �Corrupt �Allowed heavy foreign influence �Widespread economic inequality The last straw is World War I • Disruption of traditional markets because Europeans limited exports �Forced to rely on themselves Industrialize

Rebellion �Francisco Madero – ran against Diaz in 1910 Wanted moderate democratic political reforms Arrested & supports revolt �Pancho Villa – leads a rebellion in north �Emilano Zapata – leads a rebellion in the south His goal = give land back to peasants (land redistribution) � Diaz is driven from power in 1913 but revolution continues By 1920 Mexico began to settle down

Zapata

Villa

Cultural & Political Changes �Mexican Constitution of 1917 Land reform, nationalized resources (esp. oil), rights to workers, education reforms �Nationalism & Indigenism Attempt Art to reconnect w/ Native past reflects this movement – Diego Rivera

Latin America and the US following WWI �U. S. became a world power politically and economically Creates problems for Latin America? �Why? �U. S. intervention in Mexico (limited) Desire for order (secure border) Fear of German influence on Mexico �Real threat after the Zimmerman Note

Africa

Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Movements Nigeria Biafra

Contemporary Map of Nigeria (1)

Four Region Map (2)

Ethnic Diversity (3)

Religious Diversity (4)

OIL REVENUE IN NIGERIA (5) The Nigerian central government gains (and gained) a lot of its revenue from oil companies which pay a charge for the petroleum they ship out of Nigeria. This table shows the percentage of total government revenue which comes from these charges on oil. Year Percentage 1958 -59. 08 1962 -63 7. 31 1966 -67 18. 26 1970 -71 25. 99 1974 -75 80. 81 1978 -79 66. 30 1982 -83 67. 00 1986 -87 75. 80 1989 -90* 97. 24 *Last year of information on the source. [Adapted from data in Eghosa E. Osaghae, Crippled Giant Nigeria Since Independence (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 20. ]

Ethnolinguistic Diversity (6) Living Languages Number of Speakers Country Cou nt Percen Indigeno Immigra t us nt Total Mean Median Nigeria 529 7. 45 522 7 104, 138, 885 216, 056 13, 000 USA 420 5. 91 214 206 278, 640, 074 787, 119 440 www. ethnologue. com/statistics/country

The Failed State of Biafra

Decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa �YOU TELL ME! Create an outline that details the process of decolonization in Sub-Saharan Africa pgs. 794 -800 & 832 -834 � When does it happen (general timeline - NOT 1900 -1945)? � What type/kind of people lead it (not names but be specific)? � Who are at least three of the leaders and what countries are they from? � What is the ANC and what is its role in the process? � Which country is the first to gain its independence? � How is sub-Saharan Africa’s decolonization different from India? How is it similar? � IF YOU DO NOT FINISH, THIS IS HOMEWORK!!!!