Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention

Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Constitution

Early Documents

Declaration of Independence

June 10, 1776

nd 2 Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft a STATEMENT OF INDEPENDENCE

Thomas Jefferson Virginia

Roger Sherman Connecticut

Benjamin Franklin Pennsylvania

Robert Livingston New York

John Adams Massachusetts

Declaring Independence • Theories: IT IS THE GOVERNMENTS RIGHT TO PROTECT ITS PEOPLE’S LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY John Locke

Theories: • Social Contract: “That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government” n h Jo ke c Lo

Ideals established in American Society Inalienable Rights: Life liberty and pursuit of happiness

Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation Strengths • Won the Revolutionary War • Land of Ordinance of 1785 – New land surveyed and sold • Northwest Ordinance 1787 – Outlined a plan for new areas to apply for statehood. Weaknesses Congress couldn’t – Tax – Regulate Trade Foreign or State – Enforce Laws No Army No National Currency

Shays Rebellion American farmers protested against taxes. This pointed out the need for a stronger federal government. . Leading to the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Constitutional Convention Purpose Philadelphia, PA May 1787 Goal was to fix the Articles of Confederation Realized they needed to make a new government!

d by e s o Prop adison s. M e m a J Virginia Plan Power to Federal Government Congress – 2 houses Based on Population Virginia is larger so more people. One word = 2 Houses

by d e s o Prop atterson m. P a i l l i W New Jersey Plan Power to State Government New Jersey is small so less people. Two words = 1 house Congress= 1 house Based on equal representation

d by e s o Prop herman r. S e g o R Great Compromise Bicameral (2 house) legislature House of Representatives Representation is based on a state’s population Senate Equal Representation

th 3/5 ’s Compromise 3/5 th of state’s slave population counts toward overall population

James Madison: “Father of the Constitution” George Washington: President of Convention

George Mason: Refused to vote on the Constitution because it did not contain a Bill of Rights. Gouverneur Morris: Drafter of the Constitution

Constitution

Federalists Supporters of the Constitution James Madison Alexander Hamilton Wrote The Federalist Papers John Jay

Constitution Popular Sovereignty have the e l P p o o w e er! P

Consent of the Governed National Government only has power because the Citizens give it power. d e t u it t s in e r a s t n “Governme heir t g in iv r e d , n e M among the m o r f s r e w o P t s ju. ". . d e n r e v o G e h t Consent of

Constitution Federalism Powe r divi betw d een N a t ional and S t a te Gover n m ents Shared Responsibility

Constitution Judicial Review Power of the Judicial branch to declare acts of Legislative Branch and Executive Branch as Unconstitutional

Constitution Separation of Powers Legislative Divided into Three Branches Executive Judicial

Constitution Checks and Balances Each Branch of government checks with power of the other branches

Bill of Rights

The First Amendment Grievances / Petition Religion Assemble Speech Press

Bill of Rights 2 – Bear Arms 3 - Quarters 4 – Search and Seizure 5 – Due Process 7 – Right to Trail by Jury