Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace

Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace York University of Michigan March 2007

Components of Your Assignment • Observation • Analyzing Census and other statistical data and comparing with 5 th grade residence • Community interviews

Outline of Presentation b Census Questionnaire b Census Geography b Map to Identify Your Neighborhoods b Census Data b Thematic Mapping b Other Data Sources on the Web

Class Bibliography http: //www. lib. umich. edu/ govdocs/compsych. html

Purpose of the Census b Mandated by the Constitution b Reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives b Latest Census is 2000; updates do not provide neighborhood info

Two Questionnaires 100% Questionnaire Sent to all households SAMPLE Questionnaire Sent to one-sixth of households

2000 Questionnaire b Age b Sex b Race 100% Questionnaire (Multiple) b Hispanic origin b Household relationship b Occupied v. vacant housing units b Owner v. renter occupied housing

Primary Uses of Short Form Data b Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100 b Most detail by race (250 groups total)

Race Groups in 2000 White b Black or African-American b American Indian or Alaskan Native b Asian b Hawaiian or Pacific Islander b Other b Two or More b (Based on Self-Identification)

Individual Races Some files breakdown Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indians and Hispanic into 250 categories b Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis b Whites and blacks broken out as ancestry in sample data (e. g. Israelis, Arabs, Iranians, Nigerians) b Racial definitions appear at: http: //www. lib. umich. edu/govdocs/census 2/ sf 3 td/sf 3 tdg 7. pdf b

Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables • • • Cuban Puerto Rican Mexican Spanish Various Latin American Countries

Calculating Minorities Replace White Alone with White Alone Non-Hispanic White Hispanic Then add Black Alone Native American Alone Asian Alone Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Alone Other Alone Two or More Races

New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2 -3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses

Household Relationships Relationship to Householder b b b b Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate category

100% Questionnaire Data Reports Pre-Tabulated Data b b Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races and Hispanic groups to neighborhood (tract) level

2000 Sample Questionnaire b Marital status, housing rent (100% in 1990) b Grandparents b Ancestry b Language b Country value and as caregivers (new) of origin b School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts)

2000 Sample Questionnaire b Employment b Industry and occupation b Transportation to and place of work b Disability and mental illness b Veteran status b Income and poverty

Sample Data Products Pre-Tabulated Data b b Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

Census Geography Legal Areas b Nation b State b Counties b Cities b Townships b Congressional Districts b School Districts

Census Geography Census-Designated Areas b Metropolitan Statistical Area b Urbanized Area b Census Tract b Block Group b Block b Zip Code Tabulation Area

Metropolitan Statistical Area • Central city of 50, 000 or more • Its own county, and • Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns

Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Detroit PMSA 2000 Lapeer Livingston Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw

Census Tracts b Areas of about 4000 people b Approximate neighborhoods

Detroit Tract

Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000 s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data

Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4 -digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data

Locating Census Maps b American Factfinder • http: //factfinder. census. gov/ b Documents Center Paper Copies • Tract maps for Michigan • Block maps for Wayne and Washtenaw b Southwest Detroit Tract Map • http: //www. lib. umich. edu/govdocs/images/detsw. GIF

Initial Factfinder Screen http: //factfinder. census. gov/ (Mozilla works better than internet explorer for downloading) Skip Examples

Geographic Area If you know the geographic area or proceed directly to DATA SETS If you need to determine the geographic area, go to ADDRESS SEARCH

Geographic Area Default is address search Name search is a place search

Address Searching Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

Address Searching Choose the Reference Map from your search results

Address Map

Changing Boundaries

Changing Boundaries

Revised Map Move map around to choose block groups and census tracts in neighborhood.

Example of a Neighborhood Tract 5240; 5241 -BG 2, and 5242 -BG 1&2 (It is much easier to retrieve data if your neighborhood has whole tracts, e. g. 5240, 5241, 5242)

Another Search Click on Geography to Change to Another Search

Place Name Searching BEST option for mapping ØStates ØCounties ØCities ØTownships ØVillages

Name Search

Altering Map Place boundaries in green. You may need to add census geographies on your own.

Reading Tract Numbers Sometimes you have to zoom in to read all of the tract numbers.

Making Map More Legible Fiddle with the legend to make more readable. Example: take out block groups; put in zip codes

Downloading Map Use Download command to download in pdf format Left click on mouse to download in gif format

Data Sets Once you’ve determined geography and go to DATA SETS for the detail

Listing of Data Sets The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census

Data Files for 2000 b Summary File 1: 100% • Race, sex, age, households and families, housing tenure • BLOCK LEVEL for many categories • MOST DETAILED ON AGE b Summary File 2: 100% • Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total) • LOWEST LEVEL IS TRACT

Data Files for 2000 b Summary File 3: Sample b Summary File 4: Sample • Income, language, ethnicity, occupation, commuting, housing value and rent for 7 races and Hispanic • Most useful file for most of you • SF 3 data with detailed cross classifications by for 350 races and ancestries (e. g. income for Mexican, Lebanese)

Summary File 3 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ The most interesting social and economic characteristics for the smallest geography.

Data Sets Option Box Options box aligns with checked data set Use Detailed Tables or Thematic Maps

Detailed Tables Geography Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within geography.

Detailed Tables Geography List Geography You can choose • • All All states counties in a state tracts in a county block groups in a tract • All blocks in a block group.

Detailed Tables Geography List Geography You can add multiple levels of geography, e. g. tract, block group, city, county, state

List of Tables – SF 3 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Once you’ve chosen your geography, choose your tables. The default for Detailed Tables is the Show All Tables.

Multiple Table Spreadsheet b b b The result is two separate tables Data meaningless unless use do percentages and comparisons Use a spreadsheet program or calculator when combining them

Multiple Table Spreadsheet b b Census tract 5238 is very different from Wayne County in racial mix Excel template at: http: //www. lib. umich. edu/govdocs/xls/centemp. xls

Detailed Spreadsheet and Downloading Options Use Factfinder’s button for downloading data

Downloading Options Comma, xls, rtf • Use comma delimited or tab delimited for spreadsheets, including Excel • Beware of compressed formats

Downloading Options Mozilla automatically downloads to your Desktop and provides the name: DTXLSPresentation. Download. xls

Saving File to Your UMich Account • Right-click default download name on desktop • Rename before you download anything else

Saving to UMich Account from Campus Computers Drag downloaded file from the desktop to your L: drive or upload using MFILE (http: //mfile. umich. edu)

Changing Tables You can change tables but keep same geography by pressing “tables” breadcrumb at top of page.

Household Comparisons Tract 5238 more family oriented than county.

Summary File 3 -Subjects http: //factfinder. census. gov/ b Ancestry b Education and school enrollment b Commuting, occupation, industry b Income and poverty b Disability and veteran status b Housing value, rent, mortgages b Race and household status

Summary File 3 Subject Search Highlight a subject and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose P 37; Add; Show Result

Educational Attainment Population over 25 is counted Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well Main table is P 37 Table by race is P 148 Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number

Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment

Disability Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases • • • Sensory Physical Mental Self-care Go outside the home Employment

Disability

Rent Contract rent = amount paid to landlord Gross rent = amount paid to landlord AND amount for utilities

Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e. g. retiree) Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job

Labor Force

Occupation http: //factfinder. census. gov/

Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance Median means half earn below and half earn above Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area

Income

Poverty Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at: http: //www. census. gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstp ov 1. html Example of ratio of income to poverty Poverty for one person in 1999 was $8501 Under. 50 = earned less than $4250 Earned 1. 5 of poverty=$12751

Poverty

Ancestry http: //factfinder. census. gov/ b b Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18 List of Ancestries http: //www. lib. umich. edu/govdocs/census 2/sf 3 tdg 1. pdf

Ancestry http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Ancestry is another tract only variable

Summary File 4 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Sample data for 350 races and ancestries

Summary File 4 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ List geography shows county, city, tract levels

Summary File 4 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Subject search for poverty by by age

Summary File 4 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Use ancestry tab for Arab, German; race and ancestry can be mixed in same operation

Summary File 4 http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Result is two tables; insufficient people of Arab descent in these particular tracts; large percent considered poor

Thematic Maps http: //factfinder. census. gov/ Thematic maps can be accessed through Data Sets.

Thematic Maps Choosing New Geography You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want (e. g. Wayne County, Mich)

Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject) b You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list b Not all Census variables are represented b In this case, race appears in SF 1 maps; ancestry in SF 3 maps

Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject)

Thematic Maps Changing Geographic Display b b The default for a county is county subdivision This can be changed to census tract or BG

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map at tract level. You can change the display by choosing DATA CLASSES.

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Natural breaks = equal number of people counted Equal interval means equal percent intervals

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level This is probably more accurate. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map with tract numbers

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Use identify button and click on map to obtain data

Thematic Maps Limitations of Factfinder Maps b Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set b Maps download as gifs (pictures) or pdf. b Maps cannot be exported into another program b Maps can not be manipulated, e. g. showing layers b Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives

Census Does Not Cover b Crime b Health b Social Services b Religion b Business b Politics

Local Data Sources b Most national and local sources cover city as a whole b b Local sources come and go (e. g. Detroit crime, health data, Michigan COMNET Use your web page to locate city government sources (Detroit and cities nationally)

Michigan County Profiles http: //medc. michigan. org/miinfo/places/ Population, employers, banks, hospitals, wages, recreation, housing values, and utilities in each county.

Michigan County Profiles http: //medc. michigan. org/miinfo/places/ Lists major manufacturing and non -manufacturing employers.

Michigan County Profiles http: //medc. michigan. org/services/sitedevelopme nt/renzone/Wayne. County/

Renaissance Zone Map http: //gis. culma. wayne. edu/website/ez/viewer. htm

Transportation b American Factfinder http: //factfinder. census. gov/ • Vehicles per household, H 44 -45, HCT 33 • Commuting to work, P 30 -35, PCT 65 b Detroit Bus Schedules http: //www. detroitmi. gov/ddot/index. html

Crime http: //www. ci. detroit. mi. us/police/default. htm b Detroit Police Department web side has city-wide data beginning 1994 http: //www. ci. detroit. mi. us/police/dept/compstat/com pstat. htm b For earlier years, use the paper copy: HV 7595. D 6 A 23 b WSU Center for Urban Studies used to publish crime maps

Crime by Tract No longer on web. Use 2004 Map instead.

Michigan Assistance Payment Statistics Social welfare cases by office http: //www. michigan. gov/dhs/0, 1607, 7 -1245458_7696_10830 ---, 00. html

Social Services b Partial directory of social services from United Way b Can find national directories of non -profits from Associations Unlimited

National Public School Locator http: //nces. ed. gov/ccd/schoolsearch/ Searchable by school name and zip code. Provides pupil/teacher ratio, grades, race of enrollees

Detroit Public Schools http: //www. detroit. k 12. mi. us/schools/map_School. Locations. pdf

Detroit Public Schools http: //www. detroit. k 12. mi. us/schools/meap/

Standard and Poor’s http: //www. schoolmatters. com/ Type in school or school district

Standard and Poor’s http: //www. schoolmatters. com/ Provides basic educational scores. Click on school name for further information.

Standard and Poor’s http: //www. schoolmatters. com/ Charts compare scores with district and state. Racial enrollment at bottom.

American Hospital Directory http: //www. ahd. com/ Searchable directory of hospitals with some data on zip code of patients, charges, and most frequent diagnoses. Receiving Hospital below.

Michigan County Health Data http: //www. mdch. state. mi. us/pha/osr/chi/index. asp Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths by cause and race, preventable hospitalizations, reportable diseases, most by county

Superfund Sites http: //www. epa. gov/superfund/sites/index. htm Search by address, city, or toxic chemical to determine location of toxic spills.

Religion http: //www. thearda. com/maps. Reports/ b b American Religion Data Archive provides 1990 and 2000 church membership by county. Also use yellow pages (http: //www. yellowpages. com)

Politics b Almanac of American Politics • Look under Carolyn Kilpatrick for Detroit’s political history and sentiments http: //nationaljournal. com/pubs/almanac b Detroit City Council • Biographies of council members • Extensive guide to city services http: //www 3. ci. detroit. mi. us/legislative/City. Cou ncil/Default. htm b See also Newspapers

American Community Survey http: //factfinder. census. gov/ b b Annual update of Census data to city level; no neighborhood data yet Access through datasets

Getting Census Help Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764 -0410, govdocs@umich. edu http: //www. lib. umich. edu/govdocs/ Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program. b Assistance with American Factfinder, b