December 9 13 2002 NPOESS Payloads NPOESS Instruments

December 9 -13, 2002

NPOESS Payloads NPOESS Instruments METOP 0930 0530 0930 1330 NPP TBD 1030 IPO Developed Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X Cross-track IR Sounder (Cr. IS)* Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X (AVHRR) X X (IASI/HIRS) X X X Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS) Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM) X X (AMSU/MHS) X X Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X X Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X Radar altimeter (ALT) X Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) * Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite X X X

NPOESS Satellite CMIS ATMS Cr. IS VIIRS OMPS ERBS CMIS - μwave imager VIIRS - vis/IR imager Cr. IS - IR sounder ATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozone GPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collection SESS - space environment APS - aerosol polarimeter SARSAT - search & rescue TSIS - solar irradiance ERBS - Earth radiation budget ALT - altimeter NPOESS 1330 Configuration Single satellite design with common sensor locations

Instruments in Development/Production Phase Cross-track IR Sounder (Cr. IS) ITT Industries Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon SBRS Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Boeing Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman

Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite

NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS Solar Diffuser VIIRS Instrument Design

NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS Key Characteristics and Performance Spectral Bands: – Visible/ Near IR: 9 plus Day/Night Band – – Mid - Wave IR: 8 Long - Wave IR: 4 Imaging Optics: 19. 1 cm Aperture, 114 cm Focal Length Band - to - Band Registration (All Bands, Entire Scan) > 80% per Axis Orbital Average Power: 134 Watts (55% Margin) Mass: 199 Kg Multiple VIS and IR channels between 0. 3 and 14 microns Specifications: Imagery Spatial Resolution: ~400 m @ NADIR / 800 m @ EOS

VIIRS Sensor Bands VIIRS peak data rate: 10. 5 Mbps

VIIRS SENSOR Band data from a single scan of Earth View scene Calibration data from a single scan of all Calibration View scenes Stream type (HRD or LRD) Spacecraft ID VIIRS Sensor ID The VIIRS Sensor will generate Raw Data Records (RDRs) having the following data elements: VIIRS Sensor mode Scan count Scan start and stop times Spacecraft ephemeris Encoder timing stability FPA offsets Calibration source temperatures, FPA temperatures, and Optics temperatures Band identification, view identification, and compression type within the data stream

VIIRS SENSOR & ALGORITHM While in Operational Mode, the VIIRS sensor will append the following data elements to an RDR at least every two seconds: The VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem inputs shall be: Flight software checksum Spacecraft related data necessary for geolocation (from Spacecraft) Data acquisition orbit number (From Spacecraft) Ascending Node Julian date and time tag (From Spacecraft) VIIRS Mission Data Stream VIIRS Low Rate Data Stream VIIRS Telemetry Data Stream Non-VIIRS NPOESS Ancillary Data Non-NPOESS Auxiliary Data VIIRS Ancillary Data Floods in Uruguay

VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem Provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs: . Imagery EDR. Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR. Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR. Suspended Matter EDR. Sea Surface Temperature EDR. Land Surface Temperature EDR. Ice Surface Temperature EDR. Active Fires EDR. Surface Albedo EDR. Soil Moisture EDR. Vegetation Index EDR. Surface Type EDR. Cloud Base Height EDR . Cloud Cover/Layers EDR. Cloud Effective Particle Size EDR. Cloud Optical Thickness EDR. Cloud Top Temperature EDR. Cloud Top Pressure EDR. Cloud Top Height EDR. Net Heat Flux EDR. Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR. Fresh Water Ice EDR. Snow Cover/Depth EDR. Sea Ice Age/Edge Motion EDR. Precipitable Water EDR Cloud Types

Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Ocean surface wind field and cloud imagery All Weather Imaging

NPOESS Instruments - CMIS Current Design – 257 kg. mass, momentum compensated – 280 kbps data rate – 340 W power consumption – Deployable structure – 6 GHz to 190 GHz measurement range – 77 Channels – >0. 9 reliability after 7 yrs. on orbit + 8 yrs. storage » Substantial redundancy --------------------------------Two main reflectors: • LF: 2. 2 m • HF: 0. 7 m • Spin around common axis @ 31. 6 RPM Two Feedhorn clusters: 1 cluster allocated to each dish • 16 Feeds • LF cluster: 12 feedhorns arranged on 3 Earth Incidence Angles • HF cluster: 4 feedhorns along a single arc with room for growth Passive 2 -point calibration: • ZAX warm-load • Cold space reflector

NPOESS Instruments - CMIS Footprints Scanning Alignment

CMIS Channel Set 23 -Oct-01 Cyclone Hudah

CMIS Environmental Data Records (EDRs) Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile (surf to 600 mb) Sea Surface Winds (Speed) Soil Moisture Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile (600 to 100 mb) Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile Cloud Ice Water Path Cloud Liquid Water Ice Surface Temperature Land Surface Temperature Precipitation Precipitable Water Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Edge Motion Sea Surface Temperature Sea Surface Winds (Direction) Total Water Content Cloud Base Height Fresh Water Ice Imagery Pressure Profile Snow Cover / Depth Surface Wind Stress Vegetation / Surface Type

Cross-track Infrared Sounder (Cr. IS)

NPOESS Instruments - Cr. IS Spectral Range LWIR Band 650 -1095 cm-1 MWIR Band 1210 -1750 cm-1 SWIR Band 2155 -2550 cm-1 Cr. IS Instrument Characteristics Spectral Resolution LWIR Band <0. 625 cm-1 MWIR Band <1. 25 cm-1 SWIR Band <2. 50 cm-1 Registration Band-to-Band Co-registration FOV Jitter <50 urad/axis Mapping accuracy <1. 5 km <1. 4% Field-of-View (FOV) # of FOV 3 X 3 FOV Diameter (round) 14 km FOV shape match <0. 05% Stability Radiometric <. 4%LW, <. 5%MW, <. 65 SW Spectral: ILS <1% of FWHM Spectral shift errors <5 ppm Mass 87 kg Power 91 W Data rate 1. 5 mbps Size 70 X 45 X 47 Cr. IS Instrument

Cr. IS Design Telescop e PCE Optical Bench Aft Optics Interferometer DCM, Det. Optics, Detectors SSM Instrument Frame ICT (Hidden) Cooler Earthshiel d

Cr. IS The primary component of Cr. IS RDRs are interferograms collected from 27 infrared detectors that cover 3 IR bands and 9 Fields of View (FOV). SDRs are processed RDRs, converted to spectra, spectrally calibrated , radiometrically calibrated and geolocated. Cr. IS Data Recovery

Cr. IS Schedule • • • EDU testing 9/6/02 CDR 1/13/03 Delta EDU testing 4/03 Flight Unit 1 Assembly 8/03 Flight Unit 1 Testing 4/04

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) ATMS Instrument Characteristics

NPOESS Instruments - OMPS Sensor Suite OMPS Limb Profiler OMPS Mission Products OMPS Nadir Mapper The OMPS program will create five ozone products • High performance Total Column environmental data records (EDR) • Heritage TOMS V 7 Total Column EDRs • High performance Ozone Profile EDRs • Heritage SBUV V 6 Nadir Profile data records • IR Total Column data records from Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CRIS) radiances

NPOESS Instruments - OMPS Spectral Range Nadir mapper Nadir profiler Limb profiler 300 - 380 nm 250 – 310 nm 290 – 1000 nm Spectral Sampling Interval Nadir mapper 2. 4 pixels per FWHM Nadir profiler 2. 4 pixels per FWHM Limb Profiler 2. 0 pixels per FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) Spectral Resolution (FWHM) Nadir mapper 1. 0 nm Nadir profiler 1. 0 nm Limb profiler 1. 5 – 40 nm Field-of-View (FOV) Nadir mapper Nadir profiler Limb profiler 110 x 0. 3 deg 16. 7 x 0. 3 deg 8. 5 x 2. 7 deg (3 slits) Revisit time Nadir mapper Limb profiler 24 hours 4 days (average) Mass Power Data rate Size 63 kg 60 W 180 kbps 35 x 54 x 56 cm Total Column EDR Horizontal Cell Size: Measurement Range: Accuracy: Precision: Long-term Stability: Ozone Profile EDR Vertical Coverage: Vertical Cell Size: Horiz. Cell Size: Measurement Range: Accuracy: Precision: Long-term Stability: 50 km at nadir 50 -650 Dobson Units (DU) 15 DU or better 3 DU + 0. 5% or better 1% over 7 years Tropopause – 60 km 3 km 250 km 0. 1 – 16 ppmv 10% (15 – 60 km) 20% (Trop – 15 km) 3% (15 – 50 km) 10% (Trop – 15 km, 50 -60 km) 2% over 7 years In addition to providing operational ozone data products, OMPS has the potential to provide other surface and atmospheric science data, including anthropogenic trace gases.

OMPS Schedule • • • General/Unique Instrument Interface Document released March 2002 Limb / Nadir Sensor design will be finished by Jan. 2003 The third Risk Reduction Review (RRR 3) in July was a success Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Sensors is still possible for Dec. 2002 Engineering Development Unit (EDU) assembly is in process – Telescope alignment and electronic testing are main areas of effort – Sensors assemblies complete by Jan. 2003 and suite testing by April 2003 Algorithm CDR is scheduled for May 2003 Most EDU parts will be received by Sept 2002 Release of Flight Parts Lists and ordering of flight parts has started OMPS Flight Unit 1 delivered in Dec. 2004 for possible early flight of opportunity

NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS System Characteristics Spectral Range GPS L 1 and L 2 Bands Sampling Interval 10 ms (100 Hz) Spectral Resolution Dual Frequency METOP GRAS Electronics (GPSOS Predecessor) Field-of-View (FOV) 0 -800 km (altitude) +/-50 deg (azimuth) Revisit Time 500 Occultations per day, globally distributed Mass Power Data rate 30 kg 50 W 200 kbps Size 1 GPSOS Electronic Unit: 3 RF Conditioning Units: 1 Zenith Antenna: 2 Occultation Antennas: 0. 34 X 0. 25 X 0. 26 m 0. 16 X 0. 23 X 0. 13 m 0. 33 X 0. 24 X 0. 08 m 0. 89 X 0. 56 X 0. 09 m Ionospheric Scint. EDR Statistics S 4 Measurement Range: 0. 1 -1. 5 Sigma-phi Measurement Range: 0. 1 -20 radians S 4 Measurement Uncertainty. S 4: 0. 1 Sigma-phi Measurement Uncertainty: 0. 1 radians METOP GRAS Antennas (GPSOS Predecessor)

NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS Instrument Overview GPSOS channels: 1227 and 1575 GPSOS will not use the LRD broadcast GPSOS Schedule: GPSOS System Overview Software Test Readiness Review: Feb 03 EDU Test Readiness Review: Feb 03 Software Verification Review: April 03 CDR/EDU Delivery: June 03 For Secondary EDR Processing Only

NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS Electronic Unit (GEU) GPSOS Shaped Beam Antenna Patterns

Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) Description • Make precise and accurate measurements of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) • Make the precise measurements of solar spectral irradiance Specifications - TIM - 4 identical, right circular, 15 apex angle conical cavity detectors-cantilevered from a single support - SIM - Contains two independent, identical (mirror-image) spectrometers, which are fully interchangeable -- provides the redundancy, self-calibration capability, and duty cycling required to meet the scientific objectives. Heritage and Risk Reduction CUT-AWAY OF TOTAL IRRADIANCE MONITOR INSTRUMENT - NASA/TSIM (TIM/SIM)/SORCE Total Solar Irradiance Monitor Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment - NASA/ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor

Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) m Mass: 8 kg Power: 14 W Mass: 21 Kg Power: 44 W

TSIS on a Pointing Platform SIM Instrument TIM Fine Sun Microprocessor Sensors Instrument Unit (MU) Composite Optical Bench with heat pipes Thermal Louvers

Leveraged Instruments Altimeter Description - Collect sea surface elevation measurements to describe global ocean dynamics and their relationship to the Earth's environment & climate change - Integrate sea surface height information into ocean and climate models for long-term climate monitoring and prediction. Specifications Horizontal Resolution - Along-Track Cell Size - 7 km - Along-Track Posting - 0. 7 km Measurement Height Accuracy - 4 cm Heritage and Risk Reduction Navy GEOSAT & GEOSAT Follow-On (GFO) Altimeters NASA TOPEX Altimeter NASA/CNES Jason Altimeter

Altimetry Objectives • To measure sea surface height to an accuracy of 4 cm. with a long term stability of 1 mm per year • Map the topography of the sea surface • Establish global, long-term trends for ocean currents, which assist in weather prediction and understanding of the hydrologic cycle

JASON - 1 ALTIMETRY

JASON -1 INSTRUMENTS ALTIMETER GPS LRA DORIS RADIOMETER

LEVERAGED INSTRUMENTS Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) Description Measures Earth’s radiation budget and atmospheric radiation from the top of the stratosphere to the surface Specifications Three detectors’ spectral ranges (CERES) - Total 0. 3 -50. 0 microns - Shortwave 0. 3 -3. 5 microns - Longwave 8. 0 -12. 0 microns Heritage and Risk Reduction - NASA/CERES Clouds and the Earth - NASA/ERBE CERES INSTRUMENT Radiant Energy System Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

ERBS Objectives • Measure the Earth’s radiation budget and atmospheric radiation from the top of the atmosphere to the surface • Data are used to model oceanic and atmospheric energetics and contribute to extended range weather forecasts

CERES Instrument (nominal cross-track position) ACA Base Plate PCA Pedestal Assy ICA SPS DCA DAA SWICS / Blackbody Assy ECA Alignment Cube Sensor Module Assy

ERBS Heritage • • • ERBE on Nimbus-7 (1978) ERBE on ERB Free Flyer, NOAA 9, 10 (1984) CERES on TRMM (1997) CERES(2) on Terra (1999) CERES (2) on Aqua (2002)