Dealing with Reality Possibilities and Pitfalls Dan Littmann

Dealing with Reality Possibilities and Pitfalls Dan Littmann Simulation Systems Flight. Safety International These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991) Mike Jackson Flight Simulator Engineering Fed. Ex Express

Time to rest on our laurels? • • • 2017 was safest year on record Zero fatalities on commercial passenger jets The system works! Continued success not automatic Challenges lay ahead These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

The Value Proposition: Piloted or Unpiloted? • The value of having pilots on board is the ability to deal with the unexpected • Developing shortage of high-quality pilots means more simulatorbased training • Accurate simulation of aircraft elements usually considered a given • Increasing emphasis on holistic training • Technology continues to improve, but no free lunch These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Effective Use of the Full Flight Simulator – ITU • Safe operation of aircraft • Procedures Ø move preflight to LLD (functionality) • Flight Management Operations Ø move to LLD (data/cost) • Flying skills applicable to type Ø Single QRH failures Ø Multiple simple failures These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Effective Use of the Full Flight Simulator – Recurrent/CQ • Instruction vs. Evaluation Ø Use of distractions • More complex failures Ø Teach decision making Ø Combinations of malfunctions and weather Ø Depth of system simulation? • Modify training Ø New developments Ø Operational data Ø Prior sessions These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Weather Simulation • Depiction can stand improvement, but effects must be repeatable Ø Ø Ø Cruise wind variation Building cumulus Scud layers during transition to outside visual reference Rain columns Microburst impingement on the ground • Use to train decision-making regarding alternates • Record actual weather and play it back? Ø Ø Ø Ø Visual display Radar imagery Winds, turbulence Barometric pressure Ambient temperature Automated broadcast Datalink These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Runway Contamination • Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment (TALPA) now in use in the U. S. A. • Runway condition codes (Rwy. CC’s) assigned when more than 25% of surface is contaminated • Rwy. CC values determined for each third of active runway • Codes and condition descriptions reported on ATIS Fully-correlated simulation is overly complicated. What is the optimal tradeoff? These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Air Traffic and Communications • Realistic air traffic a distraction during instructional sessions • Radio chatter improves realism and adds workload, but only of benefit if it’s accurate • Desirable to have varying controller accents for international ops • Need capability to introduce controller errors • Fixed repeatable scenarios, possibly by lesson plan These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Instructor/Operator Station • Make it easier to use Ø For initials Ø For recurrents • Easy to use Lesson Plans • Better graphics for windshear/microburst Ø What is the simulation doing? • Performance Monitoring and Data Gathering These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Cost vs. Benefit • Can do almost anything with today’s technology • Not cost-effective to do everything • Some things are “freebies” Ø Sufficiently well-simulated systems will replicate malfunction effects automatically • Other things are cost-intensive Ø Environmental replication (e. g. orographic winds, 4 -D weather, realistic air traffic) Ø Visual scene content and correlation • Scope creep will occur on lower-level devices if expectations are not managed from the start These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Takeaways • Controlled replication of the real-world environment teaches dealing with the unexpected • Introducing the unexpected through scenarios requires a large array of options • Time is money These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)

Thank You! These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U. S. law is prohibited. (ECCN: 9 E 991)