DAY 5 N O MA AGENDA 96 Vocab

DAY 5 N. O. MA

AGENDA: 9/6 Vocab Quiz today! §DB: Honor Killings §Finish: Deductive vs Inductive reasoning §Read, Analyze and Discuss: NOMA §Practice skill: A. R. E §Library: work on definition paper- due 9/14 §Movie/ Documentary critique due: 9/23

JOURNAL ENTRYCLARIFICATION §Have an introductory sentence. §Make sure your stance and your reasons are clear and elaborate. (DON’T – “I think it’s bad/good” and end there ) §Use complete sentences, do not just list items. §Include transitions and try not to start sentences with conjunctions (but, and…) §Do not use short hand. §PEN ONLY! w/ b/c d/k

DEBRIEF CNN-Honor Killing Consider this: What is honor? Why is it called Honor killing? Who is responsible?

DEDUCTIVE VS INDUCTIVE Hw: Answer the following questions. Do not copy and paste definition. 1. What is inductive reasoning? 2. What is deductive reasoning? Provide examples of each.

DEDUCTIVE (GENERAL TO SPECIFIC/ LOGICAL) The fundamental property of a deductively valid argument is this: If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true also, because the claim asserted by its conclusion already has been stated in its premises, although usually only implicitly. Here is an example of a very simple deductively valid argument: 1. If this wire is made of copper, then it will conduct electricity. (premise) 2. This wire is made of copper. (premise) 3. This wire will conduct electricity. (conclusion)

DEDUCTIVE REASONING Taking a general statement and determining if its true in a specific case. If so then it would have a true and logical conclusion. Equation: Premise 1 - Every O is P. Premise 2 - This Q is O. Conclusion This Q is P. Example: All dogs have a tail. Achilles is a dog. Achilles has a tail. “All dogs have a tail” and “Achilles is a dog” are true. Therefore, the conclusion is logical and true.

INDUCTIVE (SPECIFIC TO GENERAL BASED ON EXPERIENCE) Inductively valid (inductively strong) arguments, unlike deductively valid ones, have conclusions that go beyond what is contained in their premises. The idea behind valid induction is that of learning from experience. We often observe patterns, resemblances, and other kinds of regularities in our experiences, some quite simple (sugar sweetening coffee), some very complicated (objects moving according to Newton’s laws—well, Newton noticed this, anyway). Valid inductions simply project regularities of this kind observed in our experiences so far onto other possible experiences. Inductive Reasoning Formula Here is a simple example of an inductively valid argument, of the kind sometimes called induction by enumeration, expressed by a rather smart child in Jacksonville, Florida, explaining why he is doubtful about the existence of Santa Claus: The tooth fairy turned out not to be real. The Easter Bunny turned out not to be real. So I’m beginning to wonder about Santa.

INDUCTIVE REASONING (THE OTHER ONE) Making generalizations that form into a theory by examining related observations Equation: Premise 1, Premise 2, …, Premise n and Conclusion Example: Jim left his house driving a red car two days ago. Jim left his house driving a red car yesterday. Jim left his house driving a red car today. Therefore, Jim will drive a red car everytime he leaves his house. Even if the premises are true, inductive reasoning allows for the conclusion to be false. Jim could very well walk, take a bike, or take a different car when he leaves his house

ARGUMENT REASONING EVALUATION A- authors stance/ position R- how they prove it E- is the proof valid Argument Analysis (Extended) 1. What is the author’s argument/main idea? 2. What reasons does the author give to support her or his main idea? 3. What evidences does the author use to support these reasons? Is it credible? Is it biased? 4. Are these reasons and evidence convincing? Why or why not? Are there implicit assumptions? 5. What do you think was the author’s purpose in writing this piece? 6. Are the reasons presented in a logical order, as a line of reasoning? Do the reasons clearly link to one another and to the conclusion? 7. Does the author make a reasoned evaluation of other people’s views that contradict their own? (Does he or she address counter-arguments? ) 8. What are the implications if the reader accepts this argument?

N. O. MA