Day 1 Unit 3 Timeline Your timeline should

Day 1

Unit 3 Timeline Your timeline should include the following events: � � � French and Indian War Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts Boston Massacre Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts First Continental Congress Battle of Lexington and Concord - Beginning of the American Revolution “Shot heard around the world” Declaration of Independence You should include the name of the event and the specific date (if a specific date is not given, you can just write the year). Leave enough space to write a brief summary about the event when we learn about it in class. ** This will be taken up for a grade next week. You will add a brief summary about each event and draw a picture- DO NOT LOSE IT OR RIP IT. If you need to put it in a safe place, ask your teacher where you can put it when you’re finished. Ask your teacher for specific dates to add to your timeline.

French and Indian War 1754 -1763

Remember? ! � The French and Indian War was fought between France and England over lands in the Ohio River Valley, which both the French and English claimed. � This is also known as the Seven Year War � The British won the war and gained control of these lands but amassed a large debt as a result of the war.

Uh oh! � The British Parliament determined that this debt should be paid by the American colonists, whose lands the British had been defending. � THIS was a change in the British government’s colonial policy. Before the French and Indian War, the British government ignored what was happening in the colonies and let them govern and tax themselves. After the Seven Years War, the British Parliament began to pass a series of laws that changed the relationship between the colonial assemblies and the Parliament. � Colonists believed it was the right of their colonial assemblies to impose taxes, not the right of the King or of Parliament, and they resisted this changed policy through protests and boycotts of British goods.

Sugar Act � The first of the taxes after the French and Indian War came in 1764, with the Sugar Act. � The Sugar Act of 1764 taxed not only sugar, but also molasses, wine, cloth, indigo, and coffee.

Day 2 Look at the following image for 30 seconds. When I give the okay, talk to your group about what event on our timeline you think we are going to talk about today and why you think we’re going to talk about that particular event.

Protesting the Stamp Act, 1765. Angry colonists burn the hated stamps in a bonfire.

The Stamp Act March 22, 1765

What was the Stamp Act? � The Stamp Act was a tax put on the American colonies by the British in 1765. It said they had to pay a tax on all sorts of printed materials such as newspapers, magazines and legal documents. It was called the Stamp Act because the colonies were supposed to buy paper from Britain that had an official stamp on it that showed they had paid the tax.

Paying for the War � The French and Indian War was fought between the British American colonies and the French, who had allied with the American Indians. It lasted from 1754 to 1763. The American colonies eventually won the war, but only with the help of the British army. The British government felt that the colonies should share in the expense of the war and help to pay for the British troops in the Americas. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax to help the British pay for the French and Indian War. The British felt they were well justified in charging this tax because the colonies were receiving the benefit of the British troops and needed to help pay for the expense. The colonists didn't feel the same.

No Representation � The colonists felt that the British government had no right to tax them because there were not any representatives of the colonies in the British Parliament. The colonies had no say in how much the taxes should be or what they should pay for. They didn't think this was fair. They called this "taxation without representation". � The colonists actually didn’t want representation in Parliament because they knew they would be outvoted.

The Colonies React The colonies reacted in protest. They refused to pay the tax. The tax collectors were threatened or made to quit their jobs. They even burned the stamped paper in the streets. The colonies also boycotted British products and merchants. � The Sons of Liberty -It was during this time that groups of American patriots called the Sons of Liberty began to form. They took the protests of British taxes to the streets. They used intimidation to get tax collectors to resign from their jobs. The Sons of Liberty would play an important role later during the American Revolution. - Within in this group were shopkeepers, artisans, and some publishers, originally called the “Loyal Nine. ” Throughout the protest of the Stamp Act, about 2, 000 colonists from every colony joined the Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty had a unique way of protesting; through violence. One thing they did was hang a tax collector, by the name of Andrew Oliver, from a tree. Also, they dressed up as Mohawk Indians and flat-out terrorized everyone. One non-physical act that they did was publish downgrading remarks towards the British government. �

This saying was the one used by the Sons of Liberty during their times of protest. The snake represents the states, saying that if we’re not together, then we can’t function and succeed.

The Stamp Act Congress � The American colonies felt so strongly against the Stamp Act that they called a meeting of all the colonies. It was called the Stamp Act Congress. Representatives from the colonies gathered together in New York City from October 7 to October 25 in 1765. They prepared a unified protest of the Stamp Act to Britain.

Some colonists tarred and feathered tax collectors to protest British taxes. This drawing by a British artist shows colonists pouring tea down the throat of a tax collector who has been tarred and feathered.

The Act is Repealed, but… � Eventually, the protests of the colonies to the Stamp Act began to hurt British merchants and businesses. The Stamp Act was repealed on March 18, 1766. However, the British Parliament wanted to send a message to the colonies. The Stamp Act may not have been a good way to tax the colonies, but they still felt they had the right to tax the colonies. The same day they repealed the Stamp Act, they passed the Declaratory Act which stated that the British Parliament had the right to make laws and taxes in the colonies. � More taxes -The British government didn't stop trying to tax the colonies. They continued to add taxes including a Tea Tax that would lead to the Boston Tea Party and eventually the American Revolution.

Day 3

Activity � Do not play with your candy. � Do not eat your candy. � I will draw names to determine who gets what role! I will not be taking volunteers � A king/queen will be chosen � Two members of Parliament will be chosen � Everyone else will be American Colonists � If you are quiet and participate in the activity, we will get to eat the candy after we are done!

Day 4 Look at the following image for 30 seconds. When I give the okay, talk to your group about what event on our timeline you think we are going to talk about today and why you think we’re going to talk about that particular event.

Townshend Acts • • • In 1767, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts. These acts taxed tea, glass, lead, paints, and paper that the colonies imported. Colonies were once again angry about the new taxes. Colonists threatened to use violence against British tax officials. The British government soldiers to Boston to help protect the British tax officials. Colonists boycotted buying the British goods and made their own. As a result of the boycotts, British merchants lost money. Parliament removed the taxes on glass, lead, paints and paper. The tax on tea remained.

Boston Massacre

What happened at the Boston Massacre? The Boston Massacre began the evening of March 5, 1770 with a small argument between British Private Hugh White and a few colonists outside the Custom House in Boston on King Street. The argument began to escalate as more colonists gathered and began to harass and throw sticks and snowballs at Private White. Soon there were over 50 colonists at the scene. The local British officer of the watch, Captain Thomas Preston, sent a number of soldiers over to the Custom House to maintain order. However, the sight of British soldiers armed with bayonets just aggravated the crowd further. They began to shout at the soldiers, daring them to fire. Captain Preston then arrived and tried to get the crowd to disperse. Unfortunately, an object thrown from the crowd struck one of the soldiers, Private Montgomery, and knocked him down. He fired into the crowd. After a few seconds of stunned silence, a number of other soldiers fired into the crowd as well. Three colonists died immediately and two more died later from wounds.

The Trials and Results � The Trials The trial of the eight soldiers began on November 27, 1770. The government wanted the soldiers to have a fair trial, but they were having difficulty in getting a lawyer to represent them. Finally, John Adams agreed to be their lawyer. Although he was a patriot, Adams thought that the soldiers deserved a fair trial. Adams argued that the soldiers had the right to defend themselves. He showed that they thought their lives were in danger from the mob that had gathered. Six of the soldiers were found not-guilty and two were found guilty of manslaughter. � Results The Boston Massacre became a rallying cry for patriotism in the colonies. Groups like the Sons of Liberty used it to show the evils of British rule. Although the American Revolution would not start for another five years, the event certainly moved people to look at British rule in a different light.

Day 5 Look at the following image for 30 seconds. When I give the okay, talk to your group about what event on our timeline you think we are going to talk about today and why you think we’re going to talk about that particular event.

What was the Tea Act? Was it like the Stamp Act? The Tea Act was NOT a tax. � This Act gave the British East India Company exclusive rights (a monopoly*) to sell tea in the colonies; however, this company had their own tax on their product. � They did this because the East India Tea Company had financial problems and Parliament wanted to help the company avoid bankruptcy. � **What is a monopoly? �

What did the Colonists think about this? � Colonists were already boycotting tea because of a tax imposed under the Townshend Act. (Although, most of the Townshend duties had been repealed as a result of a successful colonial boycott, the tax on tea remained). � The Sons of Liberty feared the availability of cheap tea would threaten the effectiveness of the boycott*. � As a result, the colonists boycotted in Boston. � **What does boycott mean?

Look at it from their point of view! � Think about the activity that we did with the Stamp Act. Were you mad about Parliament’s tax on you? � The British weren’t directly taxing the colonists, but they were forcing the colonists to buy cheap tea from the East India Company and they had their own tax on their tea; which means that the colonists were STILL being taxed for cheap tea! � TURN AND TALK: What is your opinion? Would you be mad? Why? Support your answer. (30 seconds)

Day 6 Look at the following image for 30 seconds. When I give the okay, talk to your group about what event on our timeline you think we are going to talk about today and why you think we’re going to talk about that particular event.

The Boston Tea Party

What was it? � The Boston Tea Party was a protest by the American Colonists against the British government. They staged the protest by boarding three trade ships in Boston Harbor and throwing the ships' cargo of tea overboard into the ocean. � They threw 342 chests of tea into the water. Some of the colonists were disguised as Mohawk Indians, but the costumes didn't fool anyone. The British knew who had destroyed the tea. � John Adams was a Massachusetts leader and a member of the Sons of Liberty. He was a strong advocate of independence and was on the committee charged with writing the Declaration of Independence!

Why do YOU think that they did it? � It was among one of the favorite drinks for the British! � It was a MAJOR source of income to the East India Trading Company � The American colonists were going to have to pay a high tax on the tea; this is known as the Tea Act.

Why did they do it? This didn't seem fair to the colonies as they were not represented in British Parliament and didn't have a say on how the taxes should be done. They refused to pay taxes on the tea and asked that the tea be returned to England. When it wasn't, they decided to protest Britain's unfair taxes by throwing the tea into the ocean. It was just tea… what’s the big deal? It actually was a lot of tea. The 342 containers totaled 90, 000 pounds of tea! In today's money that would be around a million dollars in tea.

What were the effects of the Boston Tea Party? � The Boston Tea Party led Parliament to pass the Coercive Acts, which were renamed the Intolerable Acts by the Colonists for their punitive* nature. � **punitive- disciplinary/punishing

Day 7

The Intolerable Acts 4 -3. 1: Explain the major political and economic factors leading to the American Revolution, including the French and Indian war, the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and Intolerable Acts as well as American resistance to these acts through boycotts, petitions, and congresses.

What were the Intolerable Acts � Intolerable Acts, name given by American patriots to five laws (including the Quebec Act) adopted by Parliament in 1774, which limited the political and geographical freedom of the colonists. Four of these laws were passed to punish the people of Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

The Five Intolerable Acts 1. The Boston Port Act: The first of these closed the port of Boston until the East India Company was paid for the lost tea. This created a great hardship for the people of Boston whose livlihood depended on trade. 2. Massachusetts Government Act: The second modified the Massachusetts Charter of 1691, taking away many of its rights of self-government. It was aimed at punishing Boston and forcing it out of resistance. Almost all positions in the colonial government wer to be appointment by the governor or directly by the King. Activities of town meetings were limited. Massachusetts was very proud of its independence and was angry at this infringement on its rights. 3. Administration of Justice Act: The third measure provided that British officials accused of committing crimes in a colony might be taken to England for trial. Because it wold mean witnesses would be forced to travel, the practical effect was thought to be that the British officials would escape justice. 4. The Quartering Act: The fourth measure allowed the British to quarter British soldiers in colonial buildings at the expense of the colonists, including colonists' homes, if there were insufficient space in other buildings. 5. The Quebec Act: The fifth act extended the boundaries of the province of Quebec. Because Quebec did not have representative assemblies, many colonists thought this transfer of land from the colonies to unrepresented Quebec was another attempt to punish the colonies and solidify British control.

Lets Take a Look Cause Effect � The British believed that the colonists should have to pay � some of the cost of the French and Indian War. Parliament taxed the colonists. The colonists didn’t like taxation without representation. The colonists kept having protests against taxes, leading to the Boston Tea Party. The British wanted the colonists to pay England back for all the tea that the colonists destroyed during the Boston Tea Party. Parliament also wanted more control over the colonies so it passed a series of acts, called the Coercive Acts, in 1774. These acts were to punish the colonists and bring them back into submission of the king. They included: � * The Boston Port Act (March 31, 1774) – closed the port until the colonists paid Britain back for the tea they dumped into the harbor. * Massachusetts Government Act (May 20, 1774) – a town could only have a meeting if the Governor allowed them to have it. * Administration of Justice Act (May 20, 1774) – British officials charged with a crime would be sent to England for their trial. * The Quartering Act (June 2, 1774) – colonists could be forced to allow soldiers to use their homes for quarters. * The Quebec Act (June 22, 1774) – extended the boundaries of Canada. � The colonies referred to these acts as the Intolerable Acts. These Acts had many effects. The Massachusetts Government Act got rid of elected officials. Almost all of the government positions were to be appointed by the British and were under the seal of Great Britain. The Administration of Justice Act allowed the Governor of Massachusetts to transfer trials to Great Britain. The Boston Port Act closed the port until damages for the Boston Tea Party were paid back to Great Britain. This hurt Boston economically. Other colonies supported them in protest. These acts made the other colonies feel sorry for Massachusetts. Ordinarily, the colonies didn’t really work together but now they did. Boston wanted all the colonies to boycott British goods. Virginia proposed that the colonies meet to list their objections and decide what to do. This led to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia, in September 1774. The Intolerable Acts were the last straw for Britain and the colonists, leading to the beginning of the American Revolution.