Date Jan 13 2014 Page Table of Contents
Date: Jan 13, 2014 Page: Table of Contents p 1 Glossary W. O. D: Last 5 pages Warm-ups: Warm-ups Front Cover W. O. D. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) – energy molecule. Question: What do your muscles need to perform well in physical activity?
Today’s Plan • Warm-up • Class review: Muscles of the body (optional test on Thursday) • Muscle notes
Anatomy & Physiology Table of Contents (p. 1) • • • • Your Brain & Your Nervous System p. 2 Brain Notes/Find someone who… p. 3 Brain Hemisphere Dominance p. 4 The Secrets of the Brain Video p. 5 Neuron Drawing p. 6 Textbook Reading (p. 896 -900) p. 7 Senses/Stimuli game p. 8 Reflex notes p. 9 Reaction Vs. Reflex lab/Pre-Lab p. 10 Human body: Pushing the Limits p. 11 Muscle Reading/? ’s Text 926 -931 p. 12 Muscles under the Microscope (+ Muscle Reading) p. 13 Muscle Notes p. 14
Muscle Notes: p. 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are muscles made of? How does a muscle contract? What tells a muscle to contract? What does a muscle need to contract? What happens if there is not oxygen present in a muscle?
What are muscles made of? Muscles are made up of muscle fibers. Within each muscle fiber, subunits of muscle (called sarcomeres) line up end to end in a long chain, as shown below.
How does a muscle contract? The ends of each sarcomere pull towards each other during contraction such that the sarcomere gets shorter during the contraction process.
What tells a muscle to contract? 1. An electrical signal travels down a nerve. 2. The neurotransmitter Acetycholine is released from the nerve to receptors in the muscle. 3. Calcium (Ca 2+ releases into the muscle cell, releasing ATP (energy). 4. Filaments are drawn towards the center of the sarcomere, causing it to shorten.
What does a muscle need to contract? ATP (energy) allows the sarcomere to contract. In order to get ATP, a muscle needs • SUGAR • OXYGEN
What happens if there is not oxygen present in a muscle? If there is no oxgyen present in the muscle cell, less ATP (energy) can be made. With oxygen, 1 sugar molecule can make 36 ATP. Without oxygen, 1 sugar molecule can make 2 ATP, and produces LACTIC ACID. * *Lactic Acid (releasing H+) causes slow reactions, impairs muscle contractions, and creates a burning feeling in muscles.
Reflection: What type of muscle cell is found in your quadricep?
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