Date 4419 Unit Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Goal Describe

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan What are Biogeochemical Cycles? Well… • Bio = Life • Geo = Earth • Chemical = Chemical • Cycle = Events that continuously repeat These cycles explain how our resources are converted into different forms for different purposes.

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan 4 Main Biogeochemical Cycles • Energy does NOT get recycled through an ecosystem, but chemicals (nutrients) do! • Water and minerals, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), are recycled and reused by plants, animals and humans. • Nutrients are recycled through living and dead animals (and humans), the atmosphere, the oceans, and rocks.

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. 4 Main Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon Cycle - Photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Water Cycle - Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation and Collection Nitrogen Cycle - death and waste; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; reintroduced to soil for plants; plants feed animals Rock Cycle – Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle • When or where have we heard about CARBON so far this year? • CARBON is an element on the Periodic Table of Elements • CARBON dioxide gas – atmosphere (greenhouse gas, global warming, etc) • Solid CARBON dioxide – dry ice • CARBON dioxide gas –CARBONation of soda • Humans/animals breathe out CARBON dioxide gas • Trees/plants take in CARBON dioxide gas in photosynthesis

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle Carbon (C) is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms • • Carbon is an essential element that makes up proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and YOU! • Where does Carbon come from and get stored?

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle • Where does Carbon come from and get stored? • • In the ATMOSPHERE: CO 2 in air, cellular respiration, burning wood and fossil fuels (global warming? ) On the LAND: • Trees/plants take in CO 2 from the air during photosynthesis • Animals and human eat trees/plants & get carbohydrates • Animals/humans break down carbs thru cellular respiration & CO 2 is released to atmosphere • Limestone (carbon rock) • Dead organisms (fossil fuels, oil, coal)

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle • Where does Carbon come from and get stored? • In the WATER (oceans): Dead organisms and dissolved CO 2 from air. • In ORGANISMS: Body cells are made of carbon, (shells, bones) and fats, oils, other molecules. carbonates

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle Diagram IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle Processes • Photosynthesis - takes carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) and produces carbohydrates and oxygen. • CO 2 + H 2 O + energy (sun) C 6 H 12 O 6 & O 2 • Respiration - takes carbohydrates and oxygen and combines them to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. • C 6 H 12 O 6 & O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy • The OUTPUTS of respiration are the INPUTS of photosynthesis, and the OUTPUTS of photosynthesis are the INPUTS of respiration.

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle Processes • In the carbon cycle, there are various sinks or reservoirs that store carbon. • The amount of carbon being exchanged in each process determines whether the specific sink/reservoir is growing (more space to hold C) or shrinking (less space to hold C). • The MAIN sinks/reservoirs for carbon dioxide are in the oceans and in rock. • Currently, the ocean sink/reservoir is growing and the atmospheric sink is shrinking. • Based on what you know already about Global Warming, WHY do you think the atmosphere sink in shrinking?

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Diagram IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle • Carbon in the OCEANS: • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) dissolves easily in water (just like in your soda). • Once CO 2 is dissolved in ocean water, it may precipitate (fall out of solution) as a solid rock known as calcium carbonate (limestone). • This is how ocean reefs are made. • Dissolved carbon dioxide is also used by marine plants for photosynthesis.

Date: 4/4/19 Unit: Biogeochemical Cycles IS 9 – Mrs. Kaplan Learning Goal: Describe the interactions between the Earth’s structures, atmosphere, and geochemical cycles. Carbon Cycle • Carbon and human activities: • Two additional processes in the carbon cycle are fossil fuel burning and changing land use. • Fossil fuel burning – when coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline are consumed by industry, power plants, and automobiles. • ALL living organisms are made of carbon • “Fossil” – remains of something that was once living • Fossil fuels come from deeply buried and compacted plant and animal remains containing carbon • Changing land use = deforestation, urbanization • Deforestation: The loss of forests due to over-cutting or burning of trees. • Urbanization: The process of cities growing larger (more buildings, malls, parking lots, homes, etc and less green spaces)