Datagram Approach Switched Virtual Circuit Switched Virtual Circuit

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Datagram Approach

Datagram Approach

Switched Virtual Circuit

Switched Virtual Circuit

Switched Virtual Circuit

Switched Virtual Circuit

Switched Virtual Circuit

Switched Virtual Circuit

Simplex

Simplex

Half-Duplex

Half-Duplex

Full-Duplex

Full-Duplex

Summary of Layer Functions

Summary of Layer Functions

Data Link Layer

Data Link Layer

Figure 10 -2 WCB/Mc. Graw-Hill The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1998

Figure 10 -2 WCB/Mc. Graw-Hill The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1998

Flow control coordinates the amount of data that can be sent before receiving an

Flow control coordinates the amount of data that can be sent before receiving an acknowledgment and is one of the most important duties of the data link layer. In most protocols, flow control is a set of procedures that tells the sender how much data it can transmit before it must wait for an acknowledgment from the receiver. The flow of data must not be allowed to overwhelm the receiver. The rate of such processing is often slower than the rate of transmission.

For this reason, each receiving device has a block of memory, called a buffer,

For this reason, each receiving device has a block of memory, called a buffer, reserved for storing incoming data until they are processed. Error control allows the receiver to inform the sender of any frames lost or damaged in transmission and coordinates the retransmission of those frames by the sender.

Stop-and-Wait Protocol If data frames arrive at the receiver site faster than they can

Stop-and-Wait Protocol If data frames arrive at the receiver site faster than they can be processed, the frames must be stored until their use. Normally, the receiver does not have enough storage space, especially if it is receiving data from many sources. This may result in either the discarding of frames or denial of service. To prevent the receiver from becoming overwhelmed with frames, we somehow need to tell the sender to slow down. There must be feedback from the receiver to the sender.

In the Stop-and-Wait Protocol, the sender sends one frame, stops until it receives confirmation

In the Stop-and-Wait Protocol, the sender sends one frame, stops until it receives confirmation from the receiver (okay to go ahead), and then sends the next frame. Sender-site algorithm for Stop-and- Wait Protocol

Receiver-site algorithm for Stop-and-Wait Protocol

Receiver-site algorithm for Stop-and-Wait Protocol

Stop and Wait

Stop and Wait