Database The ultimate in data organization 1 Database

Database The ultimate in data organization 1

Database Management Systems (DBMS) s s Application software designed to capture and analyze data Four main operations of a DBMS are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Creating databases and entering data Viewing and sorting data Extracting data Outputting data 2

1. Creating Databases and Entering Data s Create field names: s Identify each type of data s Data dictionary 3

Creating Databases and Entering Data (cont) s Create individual records: s Key-in s Import Jaso n Alexand 123 Elm St. er Anywhere US 1234 5 4

Data Validation s Process of ensuring data entered into the database is correct (or at least reasonable) and complete s Validation rules s s Range check Completeness check Consistency check Alphabetic/numeric checks 5

2. Viewing and Sorting Data Before sort s Browse through records s Sort records by field name After sort 6

3. Extracting or Querying Data s Query s A question or inquiry s Provides records based on criteria s Structured query language (SQL) Results SQL 7

4. Outputting Data s Reports: s Printed s Summary data reports s Export data 8

Relational Database Operations s Relational databases organize data into tables based on logical groupings s Relationships are links between tables with related data s Common fields between tables need to exist s Normalization of data (recording data once) reduces data redundancy 9

Data Storage s Data warehouses s A large scale repository of data s Organizes all the data related to an organization s Data is organized by subject 10

Populating Data Warehouses s Source data s Internal sources s Company databases, etc. s External sources s Suppliers, vendors, etc. s Customers or Web site visitors s Clickstream data 11

Data Staging s Data staging s Extract data from source s Reformat the data s Store the data s Software programs/procedures created to extract the data and to reformat it for storage 12

Data Marts s Small slices of data s Data of a single department 13

Data Warehouse 14

Managing Data: Information Systems s Information systems s Software-based solutions used to gather and analyze information s Functions performed by information systems include s s Acquiring data Processing data into information Storing data Providing output options 15

Information Systems Categories s s Office support Transaction processing Management Decision support 16

Office Support Systems (OSS) s Assist employees in day-to-day tasks s Improve communications s Microsoft Office 17

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) s Keeps track of everyday business activities s Batch processing s Real-time processing 18

Management Information Systems (MIS) s Provides timely and accurate information for managers to make business decisions s Detail report: s Transactions that occur during a period of time s Summary report: s Consolidate detailed data s Exception report: s Show unusual conditions 19

Decision Support Systems (DSS) s Help managers develop solutions for specific problems 20

Data Mining s Process by which data are analyzed and investigated s Objective is to spot patterns or trends within the data 21

Data Mining Methods s Classification s Define data classes s Estimation s Assign a value to data s Affinity grouping or association rules s Determine which data goes together s Clustering s Organize data into subgroups s Description and visualization s Provides a clear picture of what is happening 22