Data Storage Intro to Computing INTRODUCTION Storage devices

Data Storage Intro to Computing

INTRODUCTION • Storage devices are devices that can store data or information. • There are various type of storage devices. Different devices are suitable for different tasks. • Data can be stored either in the ‘Internal Memory’ or on a ‘Storage Devices’.

STORAGE CAPACITY • The amount of data and instructions that can be stored is measured in 'byte'. • This is the way the computer communicates and stores information. With each keystroke or character a byte of memory is used.

Read Only Memory (ROM) ● It is permanent, long-term memory which cannot be erased or changed in any way ● It is also known as “Non-Volatile Memory” because it doesn’t disappear after the computer is switched off. ● ROM chips instruct the computer how to load the operating system from the hard drive into the computer’s memory.

Random Access Memory (RAM) ● Temporary, short-term working memory ● Only works when the computer is turned on It is also known as “Volatile Memory” because data disappears if the power is switched off. ● Each time you start a program e. g. MS Word, it is loaded into RAM. ● The amount of RAM influences processing power, speed and how many programs can run at the same time. Many computers are now sold with 128 or 256 MB of RAM.

Data Storage Devices 1725 - Present

Punch Card Programming 1725 - 1970 Carpet loom with Jacquard apparatus by Carl Engel, around 1860. Chain feed is on the left. Close-up of a Jacquard loom's chain, constructed using 8 × 26 hole punched cards.

Punch Card Programming 1725 - 1970 Student programmers at the Technische Hochschule in Aachen, Germany in 1970 use IBM 026 keypunches Punched card from a Fortran program Cartons of punched cards stored in a United States National Archives Records Service facility in 1959. Each carton could hold 2, 000 cards.

Selectron Tube 32 - 512 Bytes Vacuum Tube Computers 1946

Magnetic Tape was first used for data storage in 1951. The tape device was called UNISERVO and was the main I/O device on the UNIVAC I computer. The effective transfer rate for the UNISERVO was about 7, 200 characters per second. The tapes were metal and 1200 feet long (365 meters) and therefore very heavy.

The first hard drive was released by IBM on September 13, 1956. It is a non-removable device, having a 5 MB storage capacity and costing $50, 000. The first use of the hard drive is in the IBM 305 RAMAC system.

Hard Disk goes with the drive • The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer. • Now It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes. • Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can be read and written on a hard disk. • A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed varying from 4500 to 7200 rpm. • Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.

Floppy Discs 1971 - 2006 8 inch Floppy Disc 1. 2 mb capacity The first floppy disk, introduced in 1971, had a capacity of 79. 7 k. B, and was readonly. A read-write version came a year later. 5. 25 inch Floppy Disc 1. 44 mb capacity 3. 5 inch Floppy Disc 1. 44 mb capacity

Magnetic Drum Memory 1972 - 2006 Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. [1][2] Drums were widely used in the 1950 s and into the 1960 s as computer memory.

Dataram Corporation releases BULK CORE, the world's first SSD (solid-state drive) storage technology, for DEC and Data General computers. An early if not first semiconductor storage device compatible with a hard drive interface (e. g. an SSD as defined) was the 1978 Storage. Tek STC 4305. 1978

The Laserdisc 1978 We mention it here mainly because it was the precursor to the CD-ROM and other optical storage solutions. It was mainly used for movies. The first commercially available laserdisc system was available on the market late in 1978 (then called Laser Videodisc and the more funkily branded Disco. Vision) and were 11. 81 inches (30 cm) in diameter. The discs could have up to 60 minutes of audio/video on each side. The first laserdiscs had entirely analog content. The basic technology behind laserdiscs was invented all the way back in 1958.

RAID came about in the 1980’s • RAID is short for redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disks. • It is a category of disk drives that employ two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance. • RAID disk drives are used frequently on servers but aren't generally necessary for personal computers. • RAID allows you to store the same data redundantly (in multiple places) in a balanced way to improve overall storage performance.

Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings (CD-DA) but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM)

The most common types of optical media are – Bluray (BD) – Compact Disc (CD) – Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

Memory Cards were introduced around 1990 • An electronic flash memory storage disk commonly used in consumer electronic devices such as digital cameras, MP 3 players, mobile phones, and other small portable devices. • Memory cards are usually read by connecting the device containing the card to your computer, or by using a USB card reader

Zip Diskettes was introduced by Iomega in late 1994 • Hardware data storage device developed by Iomega that functions like a Standard 1. 44" floppy drive. • Capable to hold up to 100 MB of data when introduced, or 250 MB of data on new drives. Now it less popular as users needed larger storage capabilities.

Cloud Storage invented in 1960, first use around 1983 for consumers, but became more prevalent 1994 - current • Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in the cloud, " wherein a data is stored in and accessible from multiple distributed and connected resources that comprise a cloud. • Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater accessibility and reliability; rapid deployment; strong protection for data backup, archival and disaster recovery purposes.

USB Flash Drive created in 1999 • A small, portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer’s USB port and functions as a portable hard drive. The original ones held 8 MB • Flash drives are available in sizes such as 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 5 GB, and 16 GB and are an easy way to transfer and store information.